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Full Title
The Irish People, v. 1, no. 39, August 20, 1864.
Contributor
O'Leary, John, 1830-1907. Luby, Thomas Clarke, 1821-1901. Kickham, Charles Joseph, ca. 1826-1882. Stephens, James, 1825-1901. Irish Republican Brotherhood.
Date Added
7 October 2015
Format
Newspaper
Language
English
Publish Date
1864-08-20
Publisher
Dublin : Printed for the proprietor and published at the office, 12 Parliament Street, by John Haltigan
Source
Joseph McGarrity Newspaper Collection
Topic
Ireland > Newspapers. Ireland > Politics and government > 1837-1901 > Newspapers.
About
More Details Permanent Link
Disclaimers
Disclaimer of Liability Disclaimer of Endorsement
OCR
610
'-For-.1-:mlv 11v rnuzanlfcs. k if
FRANCE - ‘ , ,
Paras, Acc. 9.-The small Republic of Cressouieres, in tlI,6."3“9Y
of Dapper, which has existed for A long time without magistrates,
without an army, an free from taxes, haa disappeared from the
mg); pt Europe. On Sunday last the French gendarmerie, com-
menced A tour of inspection in this small district, and definitively
it to France-Timu M-respm ll. ,
1, Ace. lfhwhi. Dufour, a surgeon of the Imperial navy
has ublishsd an intsrcetltng account of the wounded sclmell
were brought to the naval hospital at Cheibourg after the snz9S9'
ment between the Alabama and the Kearasge. Of the l5 mam 0"‘
' the others, favoured by a
‘ rare Attended
in the hospital Are recovering. For more days v‘ tore up van-
quished lying near each other in the same room forg“ "“’ “ml d‘”‘
were visit the
cord of which they were the victims. They ,
same aolicitnde and the same humanity by the ofhccrs of the ship
which survived the engagement One of the first remarks eug-
guted by reading lll. Dufour‘a statement is that th
of‘ the wounds were
splinters from the ab
that since the use of shells in naval enga
human life has been much greater than w
used. It hasbeen learnt troui the same sea engagement that it is an
error ‘to suppose that the plating of wooden ships protects the crew
from the splinters scattered about. The stdl increasing calibre of
the guns used in moilern warfare requires a greater number of men
toaerve them, and it follows that one shot my cause more destmc
tion by stri ' g a compact group of men. This was the case on
board the Alabama. A shell fired from the Kearsage fsllmghmoug
men who were serving one of the Alabama‘: guns killed or
.70 shots. of which the
6
e. Nobody appears to have been killed
the injury was indicted directly or indi-
Ths captain of the Kearsage ve soon ceased
firing from his 32-ponnders, which produced little effect, and used
his two ll-inched howitzer: and a rifled 20-pounder placeibforward.
The victory was gained by these three pieces alone.-Times Cor-
respondent.
The Toulormoia states that an order of the Prefect of the Yar of
the lith December, last, giving premiums for the destnictioir of
foxes, has been attended with the following results :-Froru
January to the lat August of the present year there were killed 316
full-grown malu, 64 cubs, 287 females, and l03 ditto with young;
or 770 in
The journals of Algiers ‘ve an account of an interesting fact
which occurredin that city ast week, being the marriage 0 tw
native Arabs at the lllairle, in conformity with the French law.
The mayor congratulated the happy couple on being thrfirst of
aw
a-
eh
i.
u
re
their race to make this advance towards French civilisation,
INTERNATIONAL coxcnizss non THE calls or“rl1E'
wounn o
Gaszva, Aoever 10.-The International Congress for the Care
of the wounded in Time of ‘Var met yesterday in this city, under
r. rt unfortunately happens, bow-
nly Powers who have
charge d‘affairs, therefore proposed to leave the protocol open, so as
to admit the adhesion of such representatives as might subseq ‘
put in an appearance, And the proposition war carrie . - '1
The following is the draught of the convention proposed by the
congress for general adoption: . ,
-r ' - e - .....r..r.lna in c 9 or
have Adopted the following arrangements, to be observed in case of
hostilities breaking out between their respective countries :
1. Ambulances and military hospitals shall be reco ed as
neutral, and, as such, protected and rmpacted by the belligerents,‘
as long as they shall contain sick or wounded. V 7
2. All the sanitary ruin, including physicians and surgeons, apo-
thecarles, attendants, ctliclale, and generally all persons attached
to the service of hospitals and ambulances, shall be considered neu-
trlliz
3. The Above-mentioned persons shall be permitted,‘ even ‘after
cnpation by the enemy, to continue to fulfil their duties in the
h epltal or ambulance to which they are attached, as long as shall
be necessary, after which they shall be allowed to depart without
being in any way hindered or inconvenience .
, These persons, however, shall not be permitted to remove
articles but those which are their own private property. u-
terials employed in the arrangement of the ambulance or the hos-2
pital, will remain subject to the rights of war.
,5. e inhabitants of the country who may be employed in the
transport of the wounded or in bringing them assistance upon
the field of battle, shall be equally respected and remain entirely
in,
m
rue.
‘ 6 Soldiers badly wounded, whether already received into am.
and hospitals, or whether hiked up upon the field, shall
not only have their wants attended to, irrespective of their nation-
alfcy, but shall also not be mad prisoners. e may return to
their homes upon condition of not Again taking up arms during the
course of the campaign. ' v i
7. A safe conduct, And if necessary the costs of the route, shall be
handed to soldiers mentioned in the preceding article, when After
curs they leave the place where they have been nursed. M
8.'Articlm ulsite for the sick and the persons attached to the
ambulance shall be supplied by the army in occupation, which shall
be subsequently repaid the outlay ahowu to have been incurred by
receipts furnished or t a purpose. . " v. r ;;,
9. A distinctive and uniform armlet shall be Adopted by the aani.
of all armies. An identical flag shall also be
employed in All countries to ‘ ' ' h amhalances and military
hospitals. The armlet and dag Ahall be those agreed upon by the
Intematronal Conference which met at Geneva in 1863 (a red cross
upon a white ground).' I > v ' -, H , .
hose persons who, without being entitled to wear the nrmlet,
ahall -adapt it to enable them to act as spies, shall be punished with
the full rigour of military law. l , . - , .
11. Similar stipulations to the preceding relative to naval warfare
shall form the object of a further convention between interested
powers.-Daily New. , .
DENMABTI AND THE DUCIIIES.‘
How ran Dana Foocrrr.-The Danish force in the Island of
tary oliicials and e
Allen, at the time of our visit, numbered ‘ About 9,000 men, under
the command of that General Steinmann who behaved so nobly in
thebattle of Oversee, where as wounded. e did troops
e w
behave better than the defenders of Dybbol.
gallant soldiers, they cheerfully marched into that deadly fire with-
‘mt mmhmgi day after day ; a position where they could make no
return to the enemy's atom of shells, but merely stand up to die for
their country. It is im ssible to co eeive a more trying servi
of Dybbol entitles them to take ra
Nor are their other qualities,
which complete the character of ii patriot soldier, less admiral) e
"u““”7 ' in the prisoners and
wollnded have been treated with extreme kindness and courtesy,‘
no
W9
-....A,....... ll ' v - v ‘;
‘ tral organization In -i
THE IRISH PEOPLE.
. . , - 7 , ; .. r
wliile each dead enemy has received a separate wooden coflio,, amli
not An article has ever been Lalieri ffom them. The except oreead
conduct on the part of the Danes, which could hardly be expec h
from English, and certainly not from ljrencb, eoldxers,riiakest e
brutality ‘end‘wsnton cruelty of Pnissiane-ofhcei:s being even
w rivates-all the more revolting. During the whole
time that the Danish forces have been in Alasn not a single case of
theft, not an excess of nny kind, has occurred. Always on the M39
and kiridliast terms with the. country, people upon wlioiu they are
billettcd, they present a contrast to almost any troops in the world.
With them chnerfulneali and generous feeling towards the enemy is
combined with indomitable courage and unequalled fartltudev
Unsupplied with bands, the regiments sing national songs as they,
run e , no village on the road has any other feeling for the
brave fellows but bymputhy and kindness.-will the I ear AOIHIJ,
Bentrx, Anolzs-r
confirms a statement made lately, to the effect that Saicolry lptonds
tolay the following proposal before the German Duat,vr :- That
an explanation he demanded of Austria and Prussia in reference to
aving permitted the King of Denmark up cede rights
to them to which he himself had no title. ‘e sarns Journal, in a
menacing article, regards the proposal as an insult to the victors.
The rntiiioations of the Zolleverein treaties. were exclrangecl here
to-day between Prussia and the German States who have already
agreed to the renewal of those treaties. . . ., , , ,
“'1-znrait, Are, 16 -The lVeirrlarsche Zeilmzg of ,thIs evening
states that Austria and Prussia propose that the Duchica should l?9j
administered by‘a temporary government, composed of three mem-
bers, one of whom will represent the Federal Diet. The Federal
troops will remain in Holstein.
PRUSSIA. v :
Avccsr 12.-In reply to the demand of Prussia, T
Laueuburg, the Iltrnoverian Government
has declared that it had no knowledge of the occupation of Larsen-
burg by the llsnoverian troops, and that it was not even surprise
at such a. step. The occupation was ordered by General Ilnke, upon
instructions from the Dresden Cabinet. , ‘ ,
BRRLS,
apecting the occupation or
P AND.
‘VARSAVV’, AUG. 5.w'l‘he final scene of a melancholy drama was
layed to an end to-dny. ‘The last chief of the celebrated Polish
National Government and four of its members died this morning
upon the gallows. The unfortunate victims were Roniuald Tran-‘
gutt, a discharged Russian colonel ,- Krajewslti, an architect: Joseph
Toczyski, a bookkeeper, Zulin a teacher at the Gyrnna ;
and Johann Jezloranskl, a tax-collector ; all young men, none over
80 years of age. ' ‘ w men were sentenced
tovdeath by the military tribunals, but the Viceroy pardoned 17 of
the men and all the women. ' s '
that the objects of Count Berg‘s clemcnc have mu
congratulate themselves, for their sentences have been commuted
partly into many years of labour in the Siberian mines, partly to
shorter periods of condnement in fortresses in the some bleak and
inhospitable country. . , .
r The official Dziumil: of yesterday gives a detailed account of the
whole prosecution, and furnishes many interesting particulars of the
manner in w ‘ o insnrrectionary government was carried on.
The following are extracts:+' ' -- v '- - l r
Owing to the discoveries made by the Military‘ Investigation
Committee, and the hicreased activity of the Warsaw police, ii -
bars , of persons concerned in the revolutionary organization
were arrested at the beginning of the year, and an extensive revo-
lutionary correspondence seized. Upon inspectioirof the documents
and examination of the prisoners further arrests were undertaken,’
which, combined’ with information already robtali-led,‘ rendeied it
osslble to gain possession of the‘ chiefs of the insui-rcctiou.r ZThe
ihvestigutiou which took place brought to light the main details as
the organization, and the action of the secret society, or, so-called,
National Government, standing at the head of the movement. - '
‘ “ The National Government operated by means of a special cen-
' Varsaw, and’ of local Administrations in, the
eight woywodeshrps into which the rebels had divided the kingdom
of Poland. Up to October 10, 1863, the Government was composed‘
only of a small council, the composition and arrangement of which
was veiled in the deepest mystery. After that date an entire change
took place, one chief being recognized as , the immediate and inde-
endent leader of the ciitire‘revo1ution."’l'hs c was the dis;
phai-god Lieutenant-Colonslliomouald Trailgutt, formerly leader of
an insurgent corps in Lithuania. After the dispersion or his fol-
lowers he fled to Cracow, whence he went to Warsaw, ostensibly as
A traveller for a mercantile Brm, under the assumed npme of Michael
Czern he. , , , ,
“ Warsaw central orginisatlon, as chief organ of the revu-
lutionary Government,, was composed of six departments, under
diflerent heads-Interior, War,’ Treasury, Foreignallalrs, Public
Press, and Police. In addition to its chief, each department had a
certain number of subordinate officials and a secretary. 'Fo1lowl
out the principle adopted in the entire organization, the members 0
which each department was composed were un own to its chief,
and of the chiefs themselves most were strangers to one another.
The localadnrlnistration in the woywodeships, whose members were
known through the various decrees distributed among the people,
5
-can
consisted, l,vof co missiouers possessing certain powers-, 2,
civil chiefs of the woywodsships; 3, of chiefs of circles, towns‘, and
sinmunrs,‘ & - V V -
i The Dziennik then ‘gay... in ysomeidetail a mum of the operations
of the National ,Govern'rnent to the 10th of October,-' 1303, the date
of Trangntt assuming the chief direction of affairs, and continii
.“ From ‘
a
this period several heads of departments came into per-
sonaltconirpunicatlon with Trsngutt, whom they .visited at, his
lodgings in the house of Helena Kirkow, in Smolna-street. ’ Tran-
gutt also frequently went to the ofllciala to make arrangements with
them. r’I‘hese meetings of the chiefs ceased in January,‘ 1864, after
the capture of vario s cm ers. Thenccforth the communication
between the different diplomatists was carried on through female
I, ..,,,,,,A.,;,, W, ,, ,, ,, , ,
ts. . r . . . .
“ The investigation proved that, besides Trangutt, the chief per-
sonages of the revolutionary organization were the o owing :-1,
Secretary of State, the architect Janowski. 2. The Hands ‘of. De-
partments: Interior, Raphael Krawjewskl, noble, aged 29; his Se-
' urz na ' and G tav Paprockl; Treasury, J On
a
cretarles, llmlki, a noble, aged 50, and Sum
War, Galpzowslri, falsely 1 csJ.led Golkowicz, a
man; Foreign-Affairs, Dunagowskl, pastor o John’e Church;
his Secretary, Wol ski, also a clergyman; Public Press, Waclaw
, bylaki, formerly teacher at the Wologodzlti Gymnasium; his
secretary, Boguslawski, a noble, aged 25 , Po1ice,l’inkowski, teacher
at the Gymnasium; Wazkowski, town ca tain, the son of a We
W or zen. v S. The Head of the Publication Department, Roman
Zuliuslti ; hissecretaries and assistants, ugust rzcki, a noble,
aged Roman Frankowcki, student of the Warsaw High School,
a noble, aged 24; Edward Trzebseckl, a noble, aged 25; Casirnir
Hantz," of H‘Varsaw,“agod,‘ 20." r H1.’ The ‘:'Commissionar ‘of,
415,’ Johann Jeziorunski, to noble aged 30. vr 5
lilaryan Dobiecki, a noble, aged 26, teacher at the3d District School
in Warsaw - -V > v . - .
r.
1 “Those personuwieh several culpable in ailessiydegree, had in;
curred the penalty of death, but his Excellency confirmed the sen.
fence d -
c
to that-affect passe the rt-martin nl in
E
E
Acccsr 20, “,6,
Zulinslti, ind Jeziornnaki. The ientehceh of ti...
commuted by his Excellency, by the virtue of
. ., thin? ”" "in.
in his hands, in Ilailkia case to 15 years‘ hard],,p,,m':‘:0rily,,1;',
flip
"a
Dyborclii to l2 years, and eight of the others to 10 in
merit in Siberian fortresses, each prisoner incurrip yum 90114,,‘
civil rights." 3 "" Inn .4 ,,
-- n’l‘lie court-martial with found Johann m..p,,,,
Kirkow, sisters Ei'nIlIB,lnd, Barbara Gllllskowltlv liq,“
Wrolilewska, guilty of having illegally, um ,,,,‘- -I-l 1,,‘
rclicls. For this offence Madame Iiirkow Mean... - "31
Gazawskas were condcninecl to loss of civil right. .,,,,
in the factories, the former for eight years, and N“ “hhsrll
Anna Wroblewska, alsolosiiig ber civil Ilglltg ,,
transportation to Siberia. Tliepreseiit and futuig ,, i.
criminals was also cuiifiscated to the use of thg s,,,,,’;,,.1’““l' of ,3,‘
The five personscondemned to ilcath'vve,l,l,'x'ec,," i ,
glucis of the fortress this morning, although . ,,,,,"“ “mu,
r to the last moment. They stepped upon “N 3",,“ aha him
underwent their fate with,perfect resignation anq :'1cly,,,,,
1
resencs of an immense crowd of excited specgaw “’ . ..
rtsporldent. , , “ " 7"": c...
HAPPY Cir-ii.’-,A Warsaw letter in the Mo
taiilsl the following curious details :-"- Warsaw u:.',:,:‘”" we
plentitude of life which belongs to great cities. It liu. ma‘ ‘ls
acrobats in the Swiss vail“3”7'ma
sq; and the park of Larieuieu“ M"
tertuinment, aruusemciit-call it w at you will-in ,, tn.
atlieus with exiled political criminals. , The fashion hp, ‘“““ is
introduced by agitntors..-Although the day bed (0, H,‘ ,,
of the convoys is always kept secret, each time the WlI0leo[ %),“'lsli
learns it through the night; at four in the morning, u,, "hr
of the station are encumbere with a Compact 3, l"“‘In
dozens of persons are banished at a time, and ihou::ar0.iZ,',‘,“f,
to hid them adieu. The police appear not to care about ip.
will see, says the Delaals, that nothing is wanting to tlm
picture; what grace, what delicacy, end what good ILSLL I,r."“.l
idyll. After that, let anyone deny that Warsaw amim-,3 , " “
that joy and happiness have returned with calm, justiog am; I“
under a paternal administration. . ' ' V , M”!
LA urn z.-A telegraphic despatch from earn’. ‘
the Federal Council has formally claimed the relealszngimg M
Polish Dictator Langiewicz, who has ,become a Swiss citizu: u‘
may be remarked that this demand of the Federal Co up I‘
new, and the belief was that the Court of Vienna rn..,.,,,,:"“‘
sec‘ ' Some journals,even mad,
accepted both by M. Langiawicz and by the Federal Gutlfemmmy
The affair appeared to be thus terminated, when ever-,.,,,,,,g
‘a,gaIiir,i,L‘lie,:n calla: in quistron. Thfe aavelr(l,ion now is cling ;; 3,04,,
E, A erg, w o, on is return rom issengen, pmep [Mb M
,c, ties, and in some measure withdrew the promise which hud5,,,,,’
given. I This explains the late atepvtplreln by the Federal Council,
2- v: r;; , r RUSSIAN. none is ronaxi). E ,
,, Wanna, AUG. 1.,-The events which the inhabitants of Lilia.-,
avs witnessed during the past year are such as even under tmw,
rule of Russia ‘they copldnever have deemed to be possible n,,,
as not a town in the district which l:IlS-DOC seen at least a dump
its most respectable citizens hanged in its streets, or a villaggym
has riot been made a pre to the disgraceful passions of a
eoldrery. The word has gonerforth, from the lips of the tyi-rntvln
is all-powerful llerejthnt ,Lithnania is to be made Russian, ",1
mercilessly has the cornmand been obeyed. The system of him.
visii, which is in its obyecls the same as that of all other goremm
who havebeen sent to rule over this unhappy country, is based
two princlples-the destruction of the llornan Catholic religion in;
the sriurhilation of everything Polish. The first of these projau
,'has,irlways presented formidable obstacles to the Ilussisu Goran-
menr. he votarlea of ‘the so,-called orthodox‘ religion have 1....’
extremely unsuccessful in their attempts to carry on A prupigim
among the members of other; creeds, as appears from the fact lint,
notwithstanding trovernnisnt PBKBEDHLIDD, there are large rumba,
of scctarisns, Mahornctans, and even Pagans, in all pull of the
country ;,and I need hardly add that a religion which M M
success with those persuuslons stood very little chance in its attach
upon Roman ,Cuthollcism. , Accor lngly, Gave]-nmgm, W
driven to its favourite tool v,of violeu and,inlrigue to
gain its en a. It, an by executing or banishing ill
thsyelergy who by their talents or position had gained any ingumu
upon the people. The next step was be refuse permission to reprlr
old Roman Catholic eliurohes,,or to build ,new ‘ones, and than to’
build orthodnxjchnrnlies wherever a place ‘or worship ‘was used
ofgsn on the ruins of ‘ii Roman Catholic one.’ At the same time tlii
priests were ordered to sinn,’ ussian riyer-boob
were lapgely distributed, and the olhciul Russian blstoryand rcligiuii
ught in the schools and academies. 0' violent, indeed, is the
ersecutron 0 Roman Catholics that many an employs has been an
missed for the sole reason that he belonged to that religion, and iii:
,weeplng family have been secretly assured that, if he became ortho-
dox, he would he replaced in his former post. ’ ’
2 The persecution of the Polish spirit‘ aruongitbe people is sill’
more cruel and uncompromising. 2 In every village and town there
are numprous govemment emissaries, who pass most of their tilmia
the public houses, singing the praises of the Czar to the peasants,
pad preaching the extermination of the nobles. These pulilicrl
orgies have of late been so notorioui that V
to them, saying that he disliked revolutionary props a
Russian or Polish. ' The spoliation of the landowners for the beneiit
f the P ractica
vi:
peasant is, of course, ,
victory to the paternal affection for bim’of the Czar. For the
more educated classes the Government is preparing a new vrision of
Lithuanian history, by which it fondly hopes to psrsirade them that
Lithuania and its people have always been Russian; and, in order
to cut away the ground from All possible rivals, it has appointed r
mmission for the destruction of all historical documents in the
country that have become obsolete, '
in opposition to the oflicial historic theory. Ir ,
more Polish books are to be published, or even introduced into Li-
Hllmli -Mid those in the booksellers’ shopslare to be vritlirimll
0
o
from circulation. r , , , ,
7 The deportation: to Siberia continue weekly, and each convoy -
consists of from 200 to 1,500 persons of both sexes. , At Willis and
Mohileu offices have been established for facilitating the pnrolieseof
Polish estates by Russians, every effort being made to attract par
ehasersg On the 20th of last month the Czar passed through Willi
and hlouravisff ordered the inhabitants to deck their liuusca pm
Slffllnds and illuminate in his honour. Each house was to be illn-
mlnaoed, under severe penalties, at a minimum cost of 540. -W‘
withstanding this the reception was a failure. Both the ElElllLl.lll'
and the townspeople were the reverse of joyful, and the C1‘!
tered “films in the midst of ii storm of rain, which put out ll ,
"E1135, Ind seriously damped the enthusiasm of those who were plhl '
00 'l o y
sag!-of the condemned men Trangutt, Krajewslsi, Toczyslii,
.,r,v,' ,r..,,,-r.,,,l-, H‘,
to
95“?-1-Cvrrgogzondent of the llforning Past, 4:
. r , , ‘ '-
