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“ or EDUCATION MEN BECOME rnsr -ro LEAD, our oirriccr.-r -ro oruvr:- Asv -ro covrns, am‘ 1:
NUMBER 33.
The Proprietor’: Preface
TO HIS SECOND VOLUME.
Ir is not necessary that a work of this kind, issued in
weekly numbers and monthly parts, should be introduced
to tLereaders byauy lengthened notice when it reaches
a second volume. In every stage of its existence, how-
ever,'t.he proprietor and conductors of Cn1mnens’s Low-
nox Jounxu. have deemed it a duty to the public, as
well as to themselves, to avow the entire independence
of the periodical under their control, and to state that
it has no connection whatever with any other existing
publication. For some years the proprietor felt himself
cleten-red from commencing this work, merely in the
idea of the supposition being made that it would be con-
-sidered an imitation or underling of another; but as his
primary object, the elevation of the cheap literature of
England, did not appear to be taken up as it ought to
be by others, he ultimately resolved to commence his
publication, and to trust to the discrimination of the
public on the subject. There were a few, at the com-
mencemcnt of the Journal, who certainly judged rashly,
and hesitated not to ascribe to it a dishonest plagiarismy
as if his own name was not more at his command than
that of any other individual. The illustrated title showed
there was no intention to delude the unwary, and he
ilatters himself that the literary ability he has secured,
and the uniform tone of the contributions published, are,
of themselves, sufficient testimony as to the Journal be-
ing capable of existing by its unaided merits. At all
. events, the principles he has endeavoured, and that not
unsuccessful‘, , to disseminate, cannot be mistaken. The
high tone of independence, the elevated morality, and
sound instruction inculcated in its columns, proclaim
an extent of originality, as well as an honesty of pur-
pose, which the proprietors and conductors would not
willingly have supposed to be skin to 2 cold political
economy, or a checrless social dicta, which characterise
the works to which the present has been placed in oppo-
sition.
, Believing that the wide field of literature is large
enoughfor all, and confident that the plan of this Jour-
nal embraces a sufficiency of usefulness and variety, the
proprietor is well content to be judged by the works
which issue from his hands. N at in the least desirous of
advancing himself at the expense of others, he can-
fidently relies on the exertions of his own contributors,
and on the continued approval of his readers. The sup-
port which his publication has already received, and the
continued increase in its weekly and monthly circula-
tion, hare induced him to consider the propriety of
jssuing other original works, of . a more varied and ex-
clusive character. Arrangements are at present in pro-
gress, by which a series of new and ably written works,
on the more useful arts and sciences, the habits and
condition of man in various clirnes and ages, the pro-
gress ofcivilization, and the desolations of misrule, will
shortly be laid before the public. > These will be pub-
lished, with the Journal, in weekly numbers and monthly
parts, at the same price, but in an octave form. Each
subject, occupying at least sixteen pages of letter press,
will be expressly written for the intended work, and be
issued under the general title of Cn.umurs’s Know-
Leocs run nu: Mass.
To those who have slrendy so extensively patronised
the Journal, the Proprietor confidently recommends its
accompanying publication, the first number of which
will be announced so soon as the extensive arrange.
ments necessary for its proper and regular management
are completed. '
No. I.-Vvlumc II.
SATURDAY, JANUARY 8, 1842.
New Zealand.
TUE PRINCIPLES OF COT-0Xl'i‘TION SUCCESSFULLY APPLIED'
at n. s. cnu-inn, sso.
Tim successful application of the principles of colo-
nization, described in our 29thond31st number, to Sew
ealand, constitutes a somewhat remarkable chapter in
the history of British colonization. ur readers are
aware, that for a long time after Cook's visits to New
Zealand in 1769-12, no advantage was taken of his va-
luable discoveries. In 1814,howcver, amission was esta-
blished in the N orthem Island, which soon afterwards he-
came the resort of the outcasts of New South Wales, and
of runaway sailors from the whaling ships, and thus be-
came the object of a sort of irregular colonization.
The present more systematic movement, had its
origin i ' re louse of Com-
mons in 1836, on the occasion of an inquiry into the
mode of disposing of the waste lands of the colonies.
In the course of his evidence, M r. Wakefield had men-
tioned Ncw Zealand as one of the many eligible fields
for colonization open to Great Britain. The attention
of Mr. Francis Baring‘ was excited thereby, and the re-
sult was the formation of an llSSO( ' tion for the purpose of
urgingupcn government the pediencyofcolonizing that
country. Of this associaucn Mr. Baring was the chair-
man, and although it did not succeed in itsob'ect, it cer-
tainly prepnred the public mind for what has since taken
place, by the various publications which were made with
its sanction.
The association being unsuccessful was virtually dis-
solved towards the close of the ye 1837. During the
following year some of the most active members endea-
voured to get up ajoint stock colonizing Company, but
it was not until the beginning of 1839 that the present
New Zenland Company was established; and, although
it commenced without the sanction-indeed, in the face
of the opposition of the ministry, we now find it erected
into an eflicient instrument of colonization in the hands
of government.
The first operation of the company was to dispatch
a fast sailing vessel-the Tory-for the purpose of ac-
quiring land of the natives by fair purchase. She sailc
early in the month of Mn , hav' g on board the Com-
pany's chief agent, Colonel William Wakefield, with a
cargo of articles to be used in barter for land. The
was followed in August by the Cuba, hired for the
express purpose of conveying to the colony the Com-
pany’s Surveyor-General, Captain Smith, with what was
then thought an adequate surveying staff.
Before the sailing of the Cuba the Company disposed
of a limited quantity of land for the purpose of form-
ing the first colony. They had, for security sake, pos-
sessed themselves of some lands, b purchase, in this
country, but there was a geneml impression that the
first colony would really be located on lands thereafter
to be acquired by Colonel Wakefield, in return for the
Tory's cargo ; and yet with this perfect uncertainty as
to site, the Company found ready an willing pur-
chasers of 100,000 acres at 203 an acre, under a gun-
rantee that 75 per cent. of the purchase money should be
emplo 04] in conveying young couples 0 the labouring
class to the colony, with a further pledge that 10,000
acres should be reserved for the benefit of the natives.
This peculiar feature in the plan o e New Zealand
Company seems to he admirably calculated to preserve
and elevate the native tribes. They do not require an
enormous breadth of land, for they are, and slwayshave
been, cultivators, not hunters, like the American Indians.
America abounds with animals which either serve as
food for the natives, or furnish them with the means of
procuring by barter such objects as are suited to their
w . New Zcaland, on the contrary, has no aborigi-
nal animals. This may have made. them cannibals; but
it has a so, of necessity, made them cultivntors, and
has thus advanced them one step in civ’ '2 ti It has
rendered them prone to labour, and they now adopt with
great readiness the improvements of civilized life.
Among hunters, such as the American Indians are at
this day, no circumstance could give value to a small
quantity of land. so as to make it provide for the sub-
=1
:7
-u
‘<
sistenw of the natives; but with a race of cultivators, a
u-ossrnu: TO r:xsr..w2:.”-Loan 'BROL'Gl>(.LV1.
PRICE Tnnnn HALFPENCE.
great breadth of land is valueless. They cannot use
much land; and they may therefore be deemed well
provided for, in proportion as they are taught to use a
comparatively small quantity of land with effect.
All modern accounts which deserve credit agree in
describing the habits of the New Zealandcrs as exceed-
ingly favourable to their elevation. They learn the use
of mechanics‘ tools with great readiness, and even be-
come good ship carpenters. Many of the first settlers at
Port Nicholson found the houses built by the natives,
called iuarrees, much more comfortable than any otherl.
They become excellent boatmen and sailors ; and there
are instances of small vessels built and navigated by New
Zealanders. Dr. Lang states, that oki, a New Zea-
lander, was the best helmsman on board the ship in
which he made a passage; and in the evidence before
the Lords’Committee, many instances are given of natives
capable of taking charge of a shipjas master, were it not
that, as foreigners, they were incapacitated.‘
The views of the Company touching the Aborigines
have up to this time been admirably seconded in the
colony, not merely by their own oiiicers, but by the
settlers at arge. In the first instance, by the uniform
fairness of his dealings, and especially by the temper dis-
played in all his negociations, Colonel Wakefield suc- .
cceded in gaining their confidence, and establishing the
most friendly relations 3 and the settlers, on their arrival,
found them predispos to receive them with friend- -
shi , and perform for them such services as they
immediately needed. In, the various letters from the
hrst settlers which have been publishedf from time to
time during the last twelve months, both the capacity
nnd disposition of the natives are well spoken of, and it
is quite evident that mutual feelings of kindness and
good will have gt0u)'l up between the settlers and the
natives. >
Soon shcr the realization of the emigration fund in
1839, active preparations were made for the departure of
the “ first colony." Five ships were taken up for their
conveyance to New Zealand; but as they were found
insuincient, two more were added to them. By these
vessels 1195 persons sailed for New Zealand in the
months of October and November, 1839, ignorant at the
time of their precise destination; but with that conn-
dence in the Company, and above all in themselves,
which stripped uncertainty of its ordinary terrors.
The distinguishing feature of this new colony is its
completeness. No colony was ever established under
more favourable prospects. The labouring emigrants,
the bone and muscle of the colony, form the finest
body of people we ever saw congregated together for
such a purpose, albeit our experience in such matters is
not small. Selection was observed not merely to the ex-
tent which the principles require, but also as to the
moral and physical qualifications of the people.
were for the most part in the prime of life, in full health, 4‘
and of approved moral character; and it was impossible .
to look upon them Without a conviction that they were
the very people to carve fortune out of the wilderness.
Among the wealthier c asses were several persons
of birth, education, and refinement, who, in planting a
new colony, will not be content wit a mere rude
abundance, nor with their new home unless it hcar dis- ,
tinct marks of a high degree of civilization. They went
out impressed with the value ofa system of which they
themselves form a part; they believe that system to be
efficient forthe creation of a socioty complete in all its
parts ; and believing so, all their energies will be
directed to the verification of the principles to which
they are attached. The varieties of the form in which ‘
the capital was conveyed to the colony will show how
efficient that capital is likely to become as a means of,
contributing to the satisfaction of the wants of the ‘
colonists. Houses and other bui1dings,in frames, ready
to be put up like a bedstead in the course of o,day or
two ; mill-rnachinery of all kinds, both for sawing and
‘ Information relative to New Zealand, by John bV:nl,‘E;q.
Parker, ism. The New Zcalandenr (Library of I-Inlcrlazntng
Knowledge), Kniglit,ls3l). ‘ V ‘
t at number of such letter: has appeared III the New Zea.
Iand Journal, a paper published in London out‘! n funnlulll, at
no, Fleet-etrect, and duwi.-am the colonization of New Lerdan
They ' :