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THE CITIZEN, SATURDAY, APRIL 1, 1354. 193
‘European Elrhzs.
ARRIVAL OF TE PACIFIC.
The United States Mail Steamer Pacilic, from Liverpool, Wed-
nesday the 18th in.st., 1 r-. x., arrived at this port on Thursday,
23d, at 7 1-. rs.
The Africa arrived at Liverpool 2.12 afternoon Tuesday, 7th
Ivlarch ; and the America in evening of the same day.
The clipper ship Lightning, Captain Forbes, arrived in. the
Mersey on Saturday evening, the 4th March.
Admiral Corry’s division of the British dent was to sail on 7th
or 8th March for the Baltic.
THE WAR IN THE EAST.
[1-us vsnr Li-rssr or TILEGHAYH rsos LONDON re r.rvssroor..]
LONDON, VVednesday, March 8, 1854.
A third editition of The Morning Herald announces the arrival
ofa messenger, who was immediately closeted with the Queen,
and brought the announcement that the Russians had carried
Kalafat and massacred all within its walls. No details are given.
[This is generally regarded as false; but it is needless to s
that the statement, true or false, has left the public in the most
trembling stats of anxiety].
3
MANIFESTO OF THE CZAR. NICHOLAS.
" We Nrcuouls 1-r-rs Frssr, dzc.
“ VVe have already inhrmed our beloved and faithful subjects of
the progress of our disagreements with the Ottoman Ports.
“ Since then. although hostilities have commenced, we have not
ceased sincerely to wish, as we still wish, the cessation of blood-
shed. VVe even entertained the hope that redection and time
would convince the Turkish Government of its misconceptions en-
gendered by treacherous instigators, in which our just demands,
, founded on treaties, have been represented as attempts at its inde-
pendence, and veiling intentions of sggrandisement. Vain, how-
ever, have been our ex ectations, so far.
“The English and‘ ranch Governments have sided with Tur-
key, and the appearance of the combined hosts at Constantinople,
served as a further incentive toits obstinacy; and now, both the
Western Powers, without previously declaring war. have sent
their users into the Black Sea, proclaiming their intention to pro-
tect the Turks and impede the free navigation ofuur vessels of wsr
for the defence of our coasts. Alter so unheard-ofe couras umon
civilized nations, we recalled our embassies from England and
France, and have broken ad‘ all political intercourse with these
owers.
P “Thus, England and France have sided with the enemies of
Christianity against Russia, who is combating for the orthodox
faith
“ But Russia will not betray her holy calling : and if enemies
infringe our frontiers, we are ready to meet them with the firmness
bequeathed to us by our forefathers. Are we not the some
Russian nation, of whose exploits the memorable events of 1815.‘
bear witness!
,“ May the Almighty assist us to prove this by deeds, with this
hope, combating for our persecuted brethren, followers of the faith
ofChrisz, with one accord let all ussia exclaim, ‘O Lord, our
Redeemer! whom shall we fear‘. May God be glorified and his
enemies be scattered.’ I
“ St. Pctersburg, 9th (2lst) February, 1854."
THE DANUBE.
There is nothing new from the Danube, so far as the relative
positions of the two armies are concerned. Operations of magni-
tude are retarded by the bad weather, but Icnrrstant succession of
minor encounters are reported. In almost all those condicts the
Turks are the srrgressors, and generally come off victors. From
all indications, however, the Russians, slowly in they II] vs,
preparing for a grand stroke, notwithstanding that s Russian des-
patch from Krajovu, February 24, says, “that they still maintain
the defensive, and as yet, show no disposition to attack Kalafat.”
Other letters from Bucharest, February 16, state that at Bratlow,
and near Giurgevo, they (the Russians), were still busied in pre-
paring pontoons and other means of passage of the river.
E
rs
A ss-rrw r.v'l-its our. , t
On the 11th February, u cendict took place, by mistake. between
two columns of the Russian army. ' s urkish positions are ex-
tended in an easterly direction so far as the village of Cuiperceni,
which is about I mile distant from Kslafat. For several days
Turkish corps, 4,000 strong, under the command of Colonel
Mirorlai, had been posted in front of the village, and in the dirsw
tion of the Russian outposts. On this corps the Russians" deter
mined to make sn onslaught during the night of the 16th. For
this purpose two Russian columns were brought up, each from
4,000 to 5,000 strong, one by the road which leads to Kalafat,
from about the village of Scribezi, and the other from the left side
of it, from about Poisna (Prince !lIilosch's property), to advance
unexpectedly upon the Turks, to surprise, enclose them, an cut
t em to pieces. The Russian columns commenced their march
st 3 o'clock in the morning, and by 4 o'clock reached a position
fromyvheuce they were only half an hour's march from the Turk-
ish pickets. The second column scems either to have missed the
direction by mistaking the road, or to have come up long after its
. . t is so it may. the latter column, in‘ the obscurity of s
foggy night, concluded the former one to be s-body of hostile
an
saw with horror thegcrror they had committed. The loss in killed
and wounded in t night's encounter is reckoned, b the Rus-
sians themselves, stseveral hundrsds. The Turks were naturally
alarmed at every point; and at “ rllllrrr, which is but s league snd
s half distant, Omar Pache, on hearing the cannouado, tool:
the requisite measures for defence. ‘ The urkrsh corps stationed
st Cui erceni stood to arms, in l'eId.lIIe or action at any moment,
but di not advance, ss it was at s loss tp imagine or comprehend
what the Russians were about murdenn one another in that
style. It was not till between seven an I eight gs: ii. that the
Russian columns withdrew to their respective positions. carrying
their wounded slong with them; .
From Asia we are quite destitute ofsdvwu.
. THE FLEETS. I
Constantinople letters of Fsbnrs 90 milmm '-5“ '3' 5-“l.l“'
French convoy. which sooornpsnr
the Turkish Irssisporlo, with the rum
troops and stares, into the Black Sea, had not returned, but was
hourly expected. The naval division that had been cruising in the
Black Sea had returned to anchorage, and would not again set sail
until joined by the detachment from Batoum. The Bench steamer
Mogador saw 3 Russian heat of six line-of-battle-ships and several
fri ates at anchor, oil" 0 s.
' he French government has advertised for one hundred ships to
carry men and stores from Marseilles to the war".
THE GREEK INSURRECTION.
The British Commissioner of the Ionian Islands has issued s
circular to the English residents, recomtnendin ‘ discourage
its success, and that the recent note of the Turkish minister at
government, is an intimation to King Otho that he ought not to
make himself responsible for the consequences.
A meeting of the principal inhabitants, Moslem and Christian,
of Janina, has just been held at the instance of the French Con-
sul, to consider how the present insurrectionary dilliculties may be
best remedied. mm the following resolutions which were unan-
imously ado ted, the sco e of the proceedings will be seen: lst,
That the in abitants of sdovitzi and Lacca be invited to send
cuvoys to Janina. to discuss the complaints made by their country-
rncn ; 2d, that the Council and French Consul guarantee the safety
of these envoys; ad, that Suleylnan Bey be dismissed. or be re-
uired to confine himself strictly within the letter of his duties.
There is no doubt of the fact that the excesses of some of the
Turkish frontier chiefs have given a color of justice to the revolt
At the same time, the partial nature of the outbreak is shown from
the circumstances, that of a Christian population of400,000, only
8,000 are in arms, and of these 3,000 are sympathisers from Greece.
The Greek government disclaims encouragement of the rcrolt,but
this disclaimer may be regarded as due partly to the pressure, on
ths coast, of French and En lish war-steamers. ‘
The Greek population of arissa, in Thessaly, is perfectly quiet,
snd all is tranquil in the sandjaks of Upper Albania.
Four Turkish and two ptian ships of war, very strongly
manned, had arrived at Drfano, in the Gulf of,ContEssa, and five
other men of war, me of which was English, had run into the
port of Salonica, in Macedonia. ' , .
So far as our present information enables us to judge, the in-
surrection is no longer formidabls.
UNITED STATES MINISTEWS ADDRESS TO THE
SULTAN.
On presenting his credentials to the Sultan, the American Mi-
nister s ‘d: -,-y
“Althou h the religious and politics] institutions of our two
countries are didsrent, they yet have in some respects followed the
same policy. In each of them the spirit of progress exercises a
benignant influence; the Republicans of the United States de-
parting from the ancient political doctrines which continue even
now in many countries to paralyss the physical and intellectual
energies of man,-and your Mayesty adopting those reforms which
most promise to contribute to the prosperity and welfare of the
ttol.-nan Empire. e two nations have given an asylum to the
political exiles of other countries, and even in' the times of the
illustrious ancestors of your Majesty the Christians have ottcn
the Greek insubardinatiou, is there is not theaslightest chance of -
Athens, backed bythe ministers of the Four Powers, to the Greek '1"
ound under the crescent that protection which had been denied I
the war not to go further, half-a-year’: double income-tox will be
more than enough by some hundred thousand unds Financicrs
are always full of consolation. In the midst o justice they rcmem
her mercy. We positively save something by increasing the tax.
for the expense of collection is fixed, while the amount of the tax
varies. If, then, we pay near ten millions instead of under six th’s
next year in the shape or Income-Tax, we are comfor‘ed with lbs
assurance that the operation is done cleaner, and less of the gold
s ch in the dngcrs of the collector. But wsr is present and exi-
gent, snd hnsnce,ss usual, deals in promises. The resources on
which we are bodepend come in but slowly; much ofthrm not till
Christmas; so Mr. Gladstone is forced to ask for nrw powers to
issue Exchequer-hills to the zmountofsrnillion and thrcrs-quarlers
were that lie will use as be may require. Should affairs nan-rid,
an the peace of Europe be restored in the course of the summer.
it the Exchequer-bills will be withdrawn, and lha proceeds of
the additional irloomelax will leave us all straight. Such ore lbs
main features of this very simple Budget, excepting only in proposi-
tion by the bye-s son of for et, to equalize the stamp duties on
home and foreign bills of exc ange, which will cost us, it seems,
about s hundred thousand next year, though ultimately the proceeds
ofths new duties will probably not fall short ofthe old.
vuass IOVIIIINT. ' -
As the masters at Preston receive no addition to the workpeopls
that have come in,w ilo in some cases those who had re um
labor have suddenly led the mills, they are about to placard the
country generally to obtain laborers. They have sent s deputation
to the Bradford Poor Law Guardians. to endeavor to get some of
the distressed workpeople who are inmates of the union. The
Preston employers will pay the expenses of their removal, and
give dxed wages till the people become proncient in th 'r new
amlicrafi. Last Monday morning, sixty-two pcrsons-men,
women, and children-arrived from Manchester to work in 3 par-
ticular mill; tho tum-outs got sccess,to them, and urged their
views ; the result was that fifty-four consented to return to Man-
chestur, the Committee of Dele ales assisting them with monry.
The tum-outs hare erprcsse lhemsclvt-sin favor ofs suggested
appointment of s “committee of mediation," form of persons
unconnected with the cotton trade, to endeavor to settle the dill’or-
ences between masters and men.
The workmen st I-Iolyhesd new harbor, employed by the con-
tractors, have struck for an advance 0 pay-fourpcnce a day,
which will only make their wages 3s. s a .
Business in the manufacturing districts last week had a tendency
to dulneu, except at Birmingham, w are it was as ris as ever.
At a special meeting of the Council of the Liverpool Chamber
of Commerce, on Manda , it was resolved, “ That the present law,
in so far as it prohibits t e formation of partnerships with '
tr
1 m'ted
iability, is unsound, and an alterslion in this and other rcsphcth is
urgently required." At an early day a special general meeting of
the Chamber itself will consider the question.
IRELAND.
The olliolsl statement of the poll at the Loulh election is-For
tsscus, 916; Cantwell, 766. In the course of tba tprechlnaking
on the dselsrstion-day, st Dundalk, Mr. Cantwrll boasted that he
svouldlunssst his opponent before that day two months; s
oubl rt.
Colonel Paksnhsm, Member for A trim County, is under or-
der for rvise in tbs East. He in ed s letter to his consti-
tating that ss it is pmbsble hr
them under the cross. Thanks to the ma nsnimous conduct of
your Majesty, the zealous exiles of liberty in more recent times
have found on these shores s safe asylum and dignified tranquility.
In the great stru gla in which your Majesty is engaged you have
the lympath srr llll good wishes of the w ols American nation.
“While the policy of our Government impedes all national interven-
' ' ro can questions, it can never prevent us, as s people,
from demanding of Heaven that the arm, be it ussulman or
Christian, which holds the sword in a just cause, be strong. May
your Majost be successful in reserving the integrity o an em-
pire which as often given re ugs to the exiled sons of liberty of
other countries. This II the universal desire of the people of the
United States."
ENGLAND.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mr. Gladstone, brought for-
ward his Budget on tho Gib instant. He proposes both to increase
the income tax, and to commence s new loan; both of which mea-
sures must be extended and developed to enormous proportions ‘
the war o on. Mr. Gladstone, in ced, estimates the expenditure
for the next Snancial year at only three millions sterlin more than
t e current year; but those who remember the small eginniugs
and the tremendous developments of war expenditures during the
last eat European struggle will know what to expect. “Fe give
the comment of the Time: on the new Budget: g
“It is true there is a flattering retrospect; but it is only a mat-
ter of history, and it adords no rule for the future. It is true the
receipts of the current year. ending, as our younger readers may
require to be told, on the 5th of next month, exceed Mr. Glad-
stons's estimate last year by more than a million ; but the greater
part of that million will be st ones eaten up by the reductions made
last year, and an estimate for the next year must be much the
same as that for the last. It is true, also, that the expenditure of
much as u rrrilhon below the estimate of last year; but that saving
has vanished at the first sound ofwar. The estimated expenditure
for the next year is three millions more than that of the current
year, snd, when Mr. Gladstone has added a ccnjcclural sum of a
million snd a quarter for the extraordinary expenses of the army
on its way to the East, it ap ears that three millions must be found
over and above the proce s of existing taxation Such‘ is t
simple work ts be done, end it resents s stern contrast to the
lavish benevolence of last year's Budget. Peel himself could not
have adorned, or '
:-
rs
that at all events, and that before lon .
oeso is an exceedingly hard one, but there is only one courpc,
and the Chancellor of the Exchequer faces it with s mugssmn-lrty
worthy of the occasion. There is one tax pro-eminently a war In-
such it has ever been described by friends and by fees, and. now
thstwn have actual war, all the arguments a ‘art it ome so
many reasons in its favor. That Income-Tsx tfliicb Mr. Gladstone
last year so ingeniously gradustedaedueing it to so evident s cadu-
ciry, and attenuating it to so fine a point, i. even norv subj””'‘‘i “'
ths rough and ready us: a ofwar-time Huancit-rs. Mr. lsdrtanc
Ftyposea to double it for alf s esr. Byau easy sum in frsouonir
this comes to maliingths tar h fss much again in the whull I03.
?
the current Enpncial year so soon to expire has been reduced so it
used, or evsdrd, or disguised so blunt and so t
peremptory arlunanrl. Find three millions, perhaps more; but '
e
hopes to return to England snd resums h in Parliament ;
but should it appear likely that his duties will keep him long
from England, then be wil restore the tmst reposed in him.
The Marquis of Londonderry is . s was brother to that
Lord Castlereagh who aided the English in accom lishin the
Irish Union, And Afterwards cut his ovrn throat. T I last Isr-
quis was s bravs, but not skilful otlicer, and served in the Penin-
lulu‘ war with some distinction. His estate in the County Down
wss one ofthe Er-rest in Ireland; snd the “tenant-right" property
of the farmers thereon w always safe and valusbls-at least
until within the last six years.
......
. FRANCE
-rss cns rrrcrrom-' IXPLY ro rurouos-osonvs us turn‘ nort-
IINTAII rurrrsox. .
The Ilfonilzur publishes in full the Cxar‘s reply to the Emperor
Napoleon's letter. The Czar writes as follows 2
“ Sr. Ps-rxnssvsn, Mondsy, Jan. 25 (Fell. B).
" Sin : I cannot better reply to your Majesty than by repeat-
hey belong to ms, the words 'ith which your letter ter-
mmales, ‘ our relations ought to be sincerely smicahlc and should
be based upon the same intentions-the msintnnascu of order. the
love of peace, respect for treaties, and reciprocal fcclin .'
Your Majcsty,in accepting this pro amine, Is I but traced it,
says that you remain faithful to iL dare believe, and my con-
sclence tells me so, that I have not exceeded its limit '
a.d'air which has excited division between us, the orig . g
is not to be attributed to me, I have slvrsys sought to maintain
friendly relations with France, and I have nlw-syls endeavored to
avoid anything which might clash with ‘the religion professed by
your Majesty. I have made for the maintenance of peace s.ll the
conce run both of form and substance, C0331?‘-lblli“ “'31 ml" ill?‘
or, ' for I11’-COrl'cllg-It-Inllil rn hur cl-y the cnnnr.
matron of the nghtsond nuleyes vghxch tiny, are <3": wt-mod
.; gr“ P,-55, 94‘ Russian in ood, claimed nothing Vtillcll was not
condrnred bytreall . If the Porto had been left to herself. the
,;;g'.,,,,,“ V up has sp long kept Europe in suspensp woulhavs
been solved. Afatalrnflucncs has tbr-up-n everylh V mlwn.
(Minn, By provoking gratuitous rusplcrons, by exciting the fa.
nsticism of the Turks, and by deceiving ll)G1l'- ovcrnment as to
my intentions snd the real scope of my demands, it has so exsg.
geratod the extent of the questions, that the probable result seems
o
e war. . . ,
“Your Majesty must allow me not to enter too much in detail
into the circumstsnccsss they present themselves to you in your
letter, in which those circumstances are marked out. seven; N,“
on my part, appreciated with like accuracy, according to my opi-
nion, and more than one fact pcrvcrted, would rvquini in 0,4" to
be properly recttticd. at least as I conceive, longdevclnpmcnts, into
which it would not bspropcr to enter, in a cone: ondcnce between
sovereign and sovereign. ‘For instance, your iifajssiy ugiribme,
to the oecu ation of the principalities the evil of having suddenly
transporte the question from the region of discussion to that of
far‘: ‘"11 Y0“? mnjwy lures out of view the circumstances that
this oecnpstion, bll purely conditional, was preceded mg in
mcuuro tau y s ve im orlsnt v‘ '
once of the combined llesiyln dis v'iciniltJgoi"ci.Ili: IPp:iI:
I this, much before that period, w an England has
took the iuiliali
-
X:
sum hostile stt'tud M ‘
In; your fleet es la; 'as.’Shlaa‘ixiil. ‘Jaw
silbrts necessary, we msy on be called on todouble the tax for
'ning hsl ' '
th
I-yesv. or. the prssmt naturism, and snppusuu
sun-rsly exhibited ‘little eosiugnu
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