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0l<‘Fll7E,(22(llllJ'ltTlI MARKET STllEE'
LEWIS PEAR.
This valttatrtc rrrtit originated on the torn. or Mr. John Lewis, or Ruxbury, treat the
close or the last century. it was lirst hrought into notice lly satna.-.l ,ttowrter, tzsrp, of
t)orcltr-sttrt-, rt ho is rlistirtgaisltod ror his zeal and ilttelligctrcc in the tray or traits. Tlte
tree is vigorous and
g. lly hardy, and like most native varieties, it seems hctter atlap.
tort togerrr.-rat orchard culture than roreiguvnrit ' . '
l'hc trrattetres generally conic out
at nearly right angles with the trunk. and after hearing lluuntiftllly, the ends of the limbs
hecomupcttdt!ttl0I'Wt! p'n Iti it
constant and an
extrcnlely great bearer, tltcreroro
it should he set ill very rich and tolorahly moist tttrtnig soil, and the llttltl1Vell culttt ted
else the fruit will be small, and or interior quality.
rtdet this tttanagetrrent, Dr. nu.
fus Kitrt.-dgc, uf l‘ortsnioutll,N. ll., raises largo and line crops, wlticll keep through the
winter, and HS they arr: wanted for I151‘, he ripotts tlletll in it warm room.
nulr.
u,tzc gttlllzrttlly ratlrersttrall, hut nletlial ttttttcrgrtcd culture; Fonllt, ohct-ate;-
suurr, stenrlcr, rptite long, curt-ed, inserted
large, spread open ttitlo, ttr
pale green at rrniturily,
a dopnrs-stotr so srtrall as to be hardly perceptible; SKIN
very Iltttk, tough, tlarlr green, “ ith clotttty pateltt-s itt aututnu, changing
peeks; rutsstt
ttith at slight or no tlepresrtiotr; cann-
to rt ycttoytish
whitish, rather coursetexturr,.
l
3 l
l
g, with a line rictr tlavor, and slight spicy pertntac. Like most pears, the
quality or this varies Very ntttoh.
for the nnarket.
ding to soil, loculion, culture and season.
Under r- vorahlc circumstances, as to soil, culture,
‘ g, this fruit is or the (trot rpnrlity.
grower, a great and cotrstant heater, and the trait or run size, and holds well to the tree,
and is usually or good quality in it suitable soil, attd under good culture, it is a good pear
it is in use rrotn Nov. to .lstt., and satttetitttec to March, varying accor-
As it is .1 rapid
ror the tlostou cttlttt-ator.
Atu-it-.nttttrrtl seioneeexo. 4.
continued rrotn ))rt,!G s
T great rttountaiu chains which ridge
and furrow the Earth's surface, cllnsi.
one turd the saute rnntctial, gran c.
It is of tile oldest or primary furtnatiutt, it
is also one (If the ltllrdcst and most durable
t‘oclts;yel a very gtcttt portion or all soils
have been derived fnltn the tlitiittmgrtltiort of
grztrlite. tttrclrs, originally or trrany tons
weight, have hunt reduced to pehlrloss
pebbles to sttrut-sartd to intpulpatrte pow.
der
Urrnttilo iv ccrrtposed of three rrrittorals,
viL quztrlz, rclspat and mica. Quartz is
the very hard tlinty part of granite it is or.
ten round alone and pure, and is freqtIl‘nl-
ly called rock crystal-white flint rock, &c.
It is, hntvewr, of tlifll-rent ctllori-.t'l'
rose, and stnchy. in its chcnrleul qtrali es
it is consirlered of an acid nature.
poses ntuelt the larger portion or most soils,
and is ntttntt ttcarly purc in the rortn rtrtreatr.
til'ul white sand ttpon the shores or sens,
lattes, and tttany ponds. In agricultural
chemistry, it ist l.(‘t‘mCtl silcx, or si lea.
Silex (quartz) enters into the composition
of all plants; were it not for this MINERAL
suhstsnco,to give strength, or stamina to KW“
trees and upright plants, they would, if they
could grow tvitltollt it all he trlliling plants,
tttlablo to roar themselves from tilt: ground,
and have as little substance ilt them, as the
potato plant has, that t-egetates and grows
plants, 3
is evidently essential to the anownr of
plants, as it forms the skeleton for the sap
vessels, and it also forms the entire skitt-
(glaze) or the corn-stnIk,.thc stems of
grapes-the w of wheat, and other
grains, and on sortie orthc rattans and hunt.
boos, there is such it hard costing as to
emit sparks when struck by a that.
Silex, is not fusttibln alone in the hottest
sre, nor soluble in pure wttltll’, and but
slightly tolullle in strong acids. But if mix-
in eertnin proportions with potash or so-
with silea in large quantity, and it t
da,nnd subjected to a strong heat it readily
rttelts and rornts the troll known salts-trtnce,
glass. trtttirreol in the propottiott or one
partsilex and two parts potash, it can easily
he melted, and rotors tr soluhlc glass, that is,
it can he readily dissolved in ooiling water
like sugar or salt; in this way silex is urti-
rreially rendered soluble.
Nature, also, hasa way of her 0Wn, in
dissolving the “wltitc that rock" to as to
optire it to be taken up by the roots at‘
ptattts, tor the purpose or rorrniug thc slrctc.
atll.-ctod hy the hut’!
or crytsutliutlion, and in point ofsAc'r, is it
petrect coating or glass; the object or this
coatingitt to protect the plant llgltlsl the at-
tacks of insects, and to give strength to the
stem.
It has heon observed, glass is only a corn-
posiliun ofsilcx, or t.atgl,anrt t-adu or potaslt
fussed in the hot lirtl are girls: nntttnl‘noto-
ry. That, coating the stems ofgrain, grass,
&c., is prulluc-ed in the soil,
clterttical union ers‘ aand potash or soda.
The potash and soda are derived from fel-
spttr. I-‘elspur is one at‘ the constituents of
"to, it is not so hard, although itgvery
re-sorttblesqltartz, but it differs widely
rt ‘it its chetrticat ouolrties.hcirtg tr
cotttpeunrt or silux-alttnlin.'t, (clay) and
potash, thcre tteing rront twelve to lttteen
potashnt felspnr, that is, :iclicnl-
at hy an l00ll:s. offels1llxl',crllt Oll-
lhs. of poutott or tlotlrt, or some
ltinds yield patltsh, othcrs code. To di-
gress it little, the potash ofcomtnerce is de-
rived from wood ashes-coda front the ash
,,,-,,,.,, ,,i....t...-potash and grease tntrlres suit
son soda and grease hard seat). so you
will perceive, they are not quite so near
tttilre as six or one and hair ti dozen of the
other. But they have mtmy qualities in
ocrtrrnorr-tooth will unite with oils or rat-
both will nentralr - citlo-and both will
r
lunch
dissolve silox-both are allmlies. Micrt, the
other constitute of granite ctmtninsslx or,
revert ptr ct. orpotash. These three lttin or-1
ols as ttrirtt-rt up in our granite roetts, yield
about st-.vt-.n [wr cent. of potash when and -
izcd.
Acids and alltillies re.-tct upolt eaelt utltt-r;
the decotttpttsition, ttr rotting ttl‘ VL‘g0lzIl.ll(-3
ntattc-rs, alt tys produce earhottio and rt. .
etable a s; in our forests this pron i
w is going on front the rotting ortlte t.tllt-n
t
ileltls in
solution, they not upon antltl olvctlta pot.
zlsh in'tl p l nrica pottiott or the
soil, and as ttuu-tt tlte larger porriott or our
soils are dt-rivt-tlt'rotrt the tlisiutcgrittetl and
rarely put ’ grntttte; it eonrairrr ll large
atnount oi‘ pulilxll in the stones, pellltles and
finer ports of the soil, The potash hcing
thus liberttletl, or dissolved hy the r'tl"lKl51ll]
turn acts upon and dissolves a portion ofthtr
silex, and in solution they are ta
the rootlets of plants, and as I llavt: already
observed, try the laws or segregation, and
crystaliztttion, the silcx is deposttcd upon
the sttrraceor tuany plants in s ltarrt coating
or glaze, and every tithe, or rap vessel in
trunk and hranehes ortreos and plants, are
lined with u coating of the saute material.
"l‘is in this tvay, the prttrtslt, and the
sandy or gritty portion we tintl lrft after
burning wood, are tlerirctl Train the sail.
one or the rntrst irttlispt-n.<ill.tlI: ittorgitllic
constituenls'<tf' altlanrt plants, is potash.’
There is not a single plant irt the Held or the
wood, the ashes of whit-.h does not conuiin
it in one state or eottibittatiott, or ilnolhvr
and often in very large quarrtity-so touch
so, that the helieftvlts on - nlvrtnimttl that
plants hart the power (lrgt'lt('t.’ltIlIIg it With-
itr tlrettts-elves; ltut tnrtre rrredcrn researches
h rnrrst clearly pointed out the source
whence it is derived, and the nitlnncr in
wllinh plants olitttilt it.
I will give a few futniliar illltstrations of
the solvent prcpenlos ol’ pourolr. vats fU’I4
tuhs, that lrovelong heart nsod rot leaching
ashes, have the silica that titted every sap
vessel orthc waort..and gave strength and
solidity to it, is dissolved out by the action
orthe potrrshstho woody rrhre being insotu.
ble hy the alltulie is left behind, and very
much resembles llttx, and it is nertrly iden.
titznl with the fibre of flux and cotton
Chemists have given tothis woody rthrs, the
name orrctorrtrr. Paper tttulters in trtcrt.
tllitctttritig paper from straw and eoltrtac
g a- -, kc. take atltatttage of the solvent
at rs ofthe alhalitts, pot.-tsll, soda orlinlc,
to detlotnpose the silica, or hard crutting up.
on the sttarv, trc. Tllrettd and yarn spurt
rrorn flax, is boiled in he to tlssolve the grit.
ty nlitlttzr and soncrt the threads.
I.. BARTLETT.
January 4th, 1848.
' u be mtrittttlrll.
For the llltston Cultlvtttnr.
tr I7Not 4.
(Jottrlulltstl Trutrl [litre 9.
Atltltlter objection to raising trait is, that
the harhurian rtiglrtdeprt-.rl.rtors, which
are sorry to acknowledge, will more or less
tthuutld, are sure to cotritrtit havoc and rob-
hery upon titetn.
the mnsl vnlnnhle productions of the holds
and gartleutt, lest we nttry be putloirted or
them by villanour, nriucltitn ous vandals ?e
Let the (needs or good order and good ttto.
rale, such its have no ftnr in protecting
what is their own, and what they ought to
be perrnittetl to enjoy peuce.rtrl)’r see to this
matter. 0 at other countries.
ltrcad ltighttay leading to the city or chris-
tiattin, in Norway,-n country assured hy
some as ttetni-btlrbari:ttI,>- linetl
side with btruutiful fruit Ire ..
catr traveller enquired or a native how -it
was tltnt the trees, which “'l'l’C then loaded
with the richest fruit, were kept from being
robbed. “In my muntry,” said he,“ll-ey
would notbe safe a tingle night. ” “VVhut.l"
replied the Norwegian, astonishedr “ have
you no schools?" (This was a revere and
cutting retlection, though not intended.)-
“ Yes," said the American, moniietl, “we
ltnve schools, and we have ltrtvs, out what
of that 3"
ow, my good reader, may not we, in.
deed, well ask the question. “'1-KAT or
-. ‘ish spurts, not do
Boston, Massachusetts, Saturday Morning, Jttriuaxfy 15. 1843.
THAT.’ Too tnarty, it lltnotbcdenied. of
those tvttoto lrtrsitrt-as t tr to ltring up chit.‘
dren and youth who are under their t-lrargcl
“tn the tray they should go," clttrose lo
pnsgleet their duty. what it‘ we have laws
‘to protect our hard ettrttcd crops attd rtrnts,l
lit‘ the relotrotts rtlltllt-ry and llt--trurtliorl at
tt is liltltrztcterizl-Ll as a paltry uatrr.
ltnehtrt t'mlic,Attittltt'tl atas illltttI‘('lIl, child.
rlitlg tlrnpahli. noti
it is ptrttrattly true ttt.rt .. l tro.
;50tttlr:lllyrlnnt-ltyynutll; yr-t, rte believe,
‘lfjuiiicu “k.'TUI1J‘llx'l'.'iliL -, not every rttltilt
‘Wtnlltl he a H :=4.llpt,' goat.
, trrstrurtots and tr elttt-s oryoutlt, ptr
retrts-and guardians ' . ,
Ilooh to it, tvlton i: is iign tl tllzltlliurttlllling
‘of an orchard has, trrarryntitrte, llcutt the
ltltrestroldto that blozrdttily which tcrtnirt.
latcs at the gtlrlrct,or the state prison: it
y ,is ofttlore inlportance than wlt-at many may
psuptposc. what cart cctttperrsate rot the
‘loss or your vatttatrle rtttits, atyatded you
hy kind Provitlencts, arter much care, and
,stt-ent,attd toil to bring them to nratnritv
At the very period or their he-roaring ptt
ant to the eyc, and sweet and agreeable to
‘the ratio, the nrlrlaight spoiler, assassin.
llike, creeps, !lll:ltl. and it-:ltehl"uI, into your
enclosure, and possessittg llilttself ofthc
tr trt ,he-trs it oil, and iron. rlttr tncan
,arrd cotvtirtlly aclnt ctrrcttt to his reoutulrol
llcottlpunions in uniting. Let none hesitate,
tthen, to pat the tour in 1'xt'l:tllian, and par.
sue these rates or rapitte to t-tic-rtttity
To him that. ftlcht.-ti lrottt tile my good
rruit, i will gtte no qtl:trtcl': hut vtilt do nry
L‘nKli‘.2n(JY that he shall he sat tell that Ill!‘
eucir tran ‘s is peculiarly
3-tine.
iv v ot‘
hr
st-tcetiott ttntl l"n'DXIl'lllil)Il or seed.
Thc proper selection or =(!L'tl rttr era’
and root cropstlertratnlrrr touch in ion
or the cclectirttt or atritnals rot prop.tgatiorr.
The ptsiigrce. .-trope and ltealth is no more
to he nrglncltxl in the one case than in the
other. The loorte opinion that, what will
not do to cat, will rtrtstrt-r to sort or plant is
not well folttltlctl. The better opinion is
that what will outdo to plant or suw may
do to give the hogs. it the see is --ripe
and real," plutrtp and pert.-cr, it will he
likely to furnish it tigornns root, without
which the growth will be in more danger
of the C:lrKllltlllt('S oi" the season, ulld, if it
shouldrettclttnatrttity, “ill ht- rroeostartly
stint .
The pritclice or twittering early, long.esr.
ell t5t".l!1l corn front stalks is" h ml ours,
or triple enrt, slrorvs the itnpnrtattce or care
in this matter tooelearty to he rligltrcrt. it
was this courvie pursued for at long seritls of
years-a reurth or n century-tvhteh hrouglrt
On! at the south the celcliratctl “B.-tdtln
‘om; ' at first only a one or tu-o cared
variety, and havirtg now regularly tour to
six ears on each stalk, with scltne rate in-
tstltncett or even tea. The sante theory has
been pursued to ctrraitr the purest hloed
horses and the nest hreeds or cattle and
n
sheep. It was itt the satne rrtanncr-outset.
lug rot the poiutsdt.-sited-tt-rst col. rttcqttesl
recently trroughtutttsonte noted breeds or
rows, and gave hint lite assitrattce to say,,
that he could raraislt any hand or cow to
with -- reasonable notice." The
ttollanrtcrs, during the Tulip Monizt, car.
ried their tavoted plant to the highest pcoltl
or splendor rod perrcctiett, and any kind or
color or pattern was produced just about as
readily as a carpet with a particular tigttre
could he ordered truth the toorn, or t print
curiously designed from the prir.t.u-erhs
The same zeal and attention to this genera
law of nature, in the selection of all sorts
or ooodsrltc heat iron. the host crops in
every respect-vvtlt never go unretvarded.
-[Essay hcrorc orange, vt.. Agricultural
society.
on c Inn.
The subject or agriculture, in one respect
to lay the least, is like that of the christian
religion: while the most powerful mind:
can but re-ably portrrty its benefits to the
human fnmily, those of more feeble intellect
may speak of its importance and be por-
tttlttlrs ofill blessings. Th intlueuco of
religion is felt upon the world; it. hepatit-
are realized in I measure by those who are
litlltlatlltlttr as ilhoomhtettir.
No. 3. ‘
ttol spiritual partnkt-rs of its blessings or (‘II-
gitgctl in its zttlvancement. So with the
traits or the citrth; they give strengtlt and
vigor to tile ltmly or Illoltitlrtdi and tans or
tlrousrrrds it-ho perhaps ueve caused 14 opt-at
or grass to groa, or a hladc or wheat to
rltultl forth front the grbutld, Ind “ho
sol-rrttttgly are uttntttttlrttl of the fact that
lhl‘ tintd tl . l lteurtcllrs and the rnintettt tltltt
t-lotlros tlrehorly are prtltlltttrtl lty the I:lltttr
are to he rounrl , tltc clintate or the country
atnt the habits or her ei '
ll‘tL‘lt' pursuits.
nwu fodder." t' this principle would he
ctlrriml out tlrrougltout tltt- vt1riuus‘vill.1gt>-3
and cities it. our country, irtlrtuess, the pro.
genitor or rice and crirrte, would he done
t y a ti tvc r-lroulll over he a prosperous
eople.-[llit.lIitrdsott‘s Atltlrtss
hington, Vt. Ag.So.
sintrordtu Plllcldl n.'v'..;‘
For preventing tlour and mcitl rrotn satrr.
tag, tttttl grain frultl heating. one or the
cylinder with llt>r't7.ol.lt..vtl dingo.
tthlt-lr retotte. at at trotrglt,. ghtly ittclitlt-tl.
the article operated upon is spouted upon
tlte upper end. “'llUt)t:l7 it tvorlrs its wily
gradually to the other, trig mtmy titties
over the c, i it is then discharged by
a t-pout. The cylinder is heated hy srenrtr,
and the mntlellstltl water is retttrnod lit the
boiler; and the weight attached to the snrrty
Vrtlu.‘ regulates the pressure and consequent
amount orlteat. Tito r-tr it'n'cy or the ap-
A'l'2ll.mlI etttt.-t<ls in the great :llnoI:nt or the
ltotited sltrfal-e of cylinder altdllztnges H ltich
the substance passes over, and the perfect
verttilatitttl a 0 cl
The other maul-tine isu atatitsttttry rtryor
which is colnposod of is series of heated
miles within it casing, combined with a se-
ries critrgettiou.-ty devised perforated intros
which atfords perfect ventilation to the grain
in its passsge through the casing; nt tho
l)0l.!(l7lI is .1 hoppcrantl rttgulirtling gate; the
heating agent is steam, and the condensed
NHEZKIII is returned to the ltuiler. It will be
ohtttrtt-r-rt that in the stationary dryer no mo.
tive power is necessary, or ill the use in all
other machines for drying that have come
IIn(ll‘t’ our notice. By theta prooeusygrnin
flour, nlld meal, and other subllnnwa have
their moisture expelled without change of
color, quality, or ll- and when this is
one Illr articles may he kept an indctiuite
time iftlte usual means are adopted to keep
hutnidity from them. Of the importance
and ntrceuity of the application of such irk
vcntlo ,uc ncetl not infuriii our reudurss-v
A certain mode or ptesen-otiorr oretir trreud
stntrr will generally insure as t certain min‘-
ket ilt settle quarter of that world.
tnzieltines is
A Fr:MItt.u F.mlsu:ls.e econd
prentitnu for the beat cultivated farm in
Lilchlield Co. CL, was Awarded ch: pint
season to Mrs. Vesta Hutwl-tins, of “'ater.
town. The farm contains l60nct'ol. It has
heeu under Mrs. H.’s management for the
last ten years. The committee of enminI-
tion say “ It is tried the present sent.
on into ttlt-enty.two lens or meadow, three
and is half of corn, sixofonls, onannd 1 hall‘
of rye, two oi’ buckwheat, 3 half acre of
potatoes, seven aorta of woodrllnd, and the
reridue or pasture land. The produce or
the form for the present soulou is oslirntaled
is (allows: my tone or hay, two hundred
any bushels or potatoes.
on ittliis season eonaim oftweuty Iix hand
itrclrtdirtgrir eslvet rtritertrhn souott, two
homes turd t‘ttty.atrt sheep. This rsrtn is
conveniently laid out inroumnll tiolrls, the
fences mollly or rails, in in good repair, rod
together with the build‘ , p-not-its a neat
turd tidy appsttrrtnee.--[Aloutry ctilttu.
tbr.
........,.,...................s-w ,
A swarm of bees cont: u from ten trimar-
srnnd to twenty thousand in n lnlllnl mm,
and from twenty thottund to tin-ty thousand