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—THAPPY DAYS =
iit
caused them to expand and throw off some
of their particles, which found their way
through the sides of the balloon. ‘This loss
of particles necessarily lightened the air
remaining—made it lighter than the air
outside, And thus by pressure below the
balloon was obliged to rise until the cool-
ing of the heated air permitted the atmos-
phere to enter, after which the downward
movement began.
Modern balloons are raised by means of
hydrogen, a gas in itself lighter than the
combination of oxygen and nitrogen which
composes atmospheric air,
Speaking of explosions, it is a curious
.
Fig. 5.—BomMps ExeLopEpD By Loss oF
fact that a loss of heat will sometimes pro-
result being the same as
that all important force. ‘This singular
phenomena we illustrate in Figure 5.
Two bombshells are filled with water,
the openings closed by means of an iron
peg firmly driven into piace, and the shells
exposed to intense cold,
resently the peg goes flying out of one
shell, and a cylinder of ice eight or nine
inches long issues from the opening, while
in the other the stopper resisting the bomb
is broken circularly, and a ring of ice
forces its way through the crack.
Now, what has done this?
3
rate =
opts
‘Fig. 6.—AN ARTIFICIAL GEYSER.
Tt is the loss of heat.
Hlow
When the water entered the bomb it car-
ried with it sufficient heat to enable it to
retain its liquid state, but no sooner was
the bomb exposed to the action of the cold
air than the heat began to transfer itself,
first to the iron and then to the air. In
other words, the water froze.
Aa water loses heat ite particlos change
their position, become solidified, and in
that state require greater space: There is
expansion, and room must be made for the
particles in their new condition—they
press against the sides of the bomb, and
again the point of least resistance yields,
In the first instance it is the stopper, in
the second it proves to be the bomb itself,
which bursts, and the ice forces its way
out.
Thus precisely the same results are ob-
tained by the application andthe loss of
eat. -
Water in its natural state usually con-
tains very little heat, but to this rule there
e@ many exceptions, notable
among which are the geysers
and hot springs found.in vari-
ous parts of the world,
The geysers are the most curi
ous, for here a vast -column of
boiling water is suddenly pro-
jected bigh into the‘air, and
often at regular intervals,
What causes this
Let us see,
Figure 6 shows us a machine
invented by a German chemist,
which is believed to completely
solve the mystery of geysers.
irst an iron tube set upright
and surmounted by a basin,
This tube is filled with water,
and heated at two points, as
shown in the cut.
nm the water has become
sufliciently heated it is ejected
into the atmosphere, and falling back into
the basin, it refills the tube, a few slight
detonations are heard, and it is at rest.
Soon, however, henomena, repeats
itself; thus while the heat is maintained
a perfect artificial geyser is fornted.
ow for the reason,
The water at the bottom of the tube boils
at temperature of 221 degrees, while that
two feet higher up, having Jess pressure to
overcome, boils at 217 degrees.
But if while reaching this temperature
Heat,
bottom of the tube would be immediately
converted into steam, and its temperature
fall tothe normal boiling point of water
without pressure, 112 degrees.
uppose now the water at the second
grate to be heated to 217 degrees, and that
at the bottom to 221 degrees, Then the
steam produced wil] raise the column of
water throughout the entire length of the
tube, the basin will become filled,and the
221 degrees water will rise with the rest by
the pressure beneath, and turn fo steam.
This steam will drive the colder water
above completely out of the tube, and in
consequence of the suddenness of the ac-
tion the water will be thrown up in a ver-
tical column, mixed with steam,
The instant the jet strikes the air it cools
and falls back into the basin, thence run-
ning into the tube, cools off the remaining
steam. Presently it heats up again, and
the phenomena is repeated,
Thus it keeps on rising and falling just
as it does in the natural spring.
Geysers are usually located in the neigh-
borhood of voleanoes, and where this is not
the case, we may rest assured that they
come up through long, tube-like openings
in the bed rock, extending down toward
the internal fires of the earth to an enor-
mous depth, and also that the heat is ap-
plied at two distinct points, which corre-
spond to the two furnaces shown in Fig-
ure 6,
Yes, heat is a great institution. If the
sun’s heat were to be withdrawn from the
earth we would find ourselves in a sorry
xX.
Then the cold of space would come upon
us, a cold so intense that we can form no
conception of it.
Were it not for the air this phenomena
would occur every time the sun went down,
but fortunately the atmosphere acts the
part of a huge ‘storage battery; it retains
the heat of the day throughout the night,
and at the same time mitigates it during
the daytime to a bearable extent.
Were there no atmosphere our days
would be roasting and our nights intensely
cold.
Astronomers tell us that this is just the
state of things in the moon, which, it is
claimed, has no atu.osphere, at least none
like our own,
In short, nothing more forcibly brings to
our understanding the perfect nicety with
which all things in nature are regulated
jhan by a careful study of the wonders of
neat,
eee
Queen Henriette, of Belgium, by birth an Aus-
trian archduchess, continues, in spite of he:
snow white hair and rank as a grandmother, to
occupy her time with circus riding. A year
|dent and I are on
the pressure is removed, the water at the | 8!
[This story commenced in No, 185.)
LITTLE BOSS:
THE BOY. WHO OWNED
THE MILL.
BY P. T. RAYMOND,
Author of * Tom and the Tiger,” “* That
‘oy Bob,’” “ The Boy Contractor,” A
Sawdust Prince,” “The Board of
Trade Boys,”.etc., etc, ete.
CHAPTER XXII,
A TALK UPON BUSINESS,
InsTANTLY Dilly’s warning came to Roy-
al’s mind.
** What do you mean, George?” he asked,
“Who is going to leave town suddenly,
taking more than. belongs-to him? What h
have I to do with it
The bookkeeper drew a chair close to
Royal's, sat down and said: -
“Tnis is in strict confidence, Roy.”
“Of course.”
“Well, then, I’ll tell you first what I've
heard, and next what I've observed, and
let you draw your own conclusions, There
is no possible means of our being over-
heard? Who has the next office?”
“Mr, Underhill.”
+,‘ And the one on the other side is mine,
and there’s no one in it. Wel i
with what I’ve heard,
lows in the Mapleville Bank, of course,
rom the cashier down, and even the presi-
ood terms—I might
even say confidential terms, Dad is a big
n there, and you know I had a good po-
sition in the bank before I came here.”
“Yes,” said Royal, feeling sure that all
this was merely introductory to something
more important.
““ Well, you can see by this that any in-
formation I may have from the bank peo-
le is authoritative. The cashier tells me
that Mr. Wilmerding has withdrawn his
account from the bank.”
‘f Cy
0.
es
“And that he has taken his railroad
and other stocks from the safe deposit
vaults.”
“Well?”
““These he has sold, as I know from
other sources. Does it not seem peculiar
that he should do this, when he has so
many interests in town? Why should he
want all this ready money when he can
get all the credit he wants? It looks to
me as if he were going to leave. -Do you
know just what papers he had in the
vaults ¢” .
“*Perhaps he wishes to make other in-
vestments,” said Royal, without showing
any great amount of interest, ‘‘and so
wants the ready money. He may desire’ to
make purchases in New York or Boston,”
“Yes, he might, of course,” said George,
“but his position here is good enough to
enable him to make them without using
ready money, His check has always been
supposed to be good for almost any
amount,”
“ Well, now, what have you observed?”
asked Royal.
“I have noticed that he has seemed ab-
stracted, nervous, anxious. He talks to
himself on the street and even here, when
he comes in. He watches you when you
are at work, and seems afraid that you
will discover something that he wants to
been to your house he
has seemed more than usually reserved,
and at the same time watchful, as if he
thought you and I were conspiring against
him, and that he must di-cover our secrets,
Then, again, the other night at Burlin-
ame’s, when you made that presentation,
je seeme ”
“* Was he there?” interrupted Royal,
“Certainly, saw him come in, but I
didn’t notice when he went out.”
“Then it must have been he whom I
heard in the conservatory,” said Royal,
half to himself; ‘* but I can’t understand
how I couldn’t findhim. There must have
been some other way out.”
“What are you talking about?” asked
George.
“You were describing how my guardian
looked the other night at Mr. Burlingame's,
I did not see him, but then you know how
a—'
busy I was,
“He seemed unusually abstracted,” said
eorge, ‘‘andonly once when I saw him
talking to that Clearwater vixen, did he
show anything like animation, He was
especially interested then, and while, of
course, didn't hear what he id, he
seemed quite in command of himself, while
before that he seemed to be very absent-
minded and as if he didn’t know what he
was thinking about, In fact, he has
‘| water and Shapton, too, no doubt, talked
looked that way very much of late, and I
think he has something on his mind,”
“And so he talked to Jessie Clearwater,.
did he?” said Royal, more as if talking to
himself than asking George a question,
“Then she was in that plot, too? And so
was he, no doubt. Then he did say what
I heard, and no one else.” .
“What are you muttering about?” asked
George. ‘ Have you heard what I said?”
“Certainly, every word of it, andI am
putting it with things I have known of for
a short time. I don’t believe he had any-
thing to do with the fire, however, although
he might.”
“Do stop talking to yourself,” said
George, ‘“‘and listen to me, or else tell me
what you are talking about. I don’t under-
stand it at all.” a
“JT will,” said Royal, and he thereupon
related the incidents of his capture by
Shapton and Clearwater, and his subse-
quent escape, and also of the arrest of Jes-
sie Clearwater a few nights previous,
Now there are several conclusions to
draw,” hesaid. ‘One is that Mr. Wilmer- +
ding knew of Shapton’s crookedness, and
erhaps shared in it, He may also have
nown of Thompson's dishonesty and of
oO
He objected to my dis-
charging the men I did, but I remained”
firm, and he said no more,
‘Now, he was very anxious that Ishould
go to Europe just at the time when I be-
gan to discover queer things in the Maple
seaf management, and others seemed to
know o1 contemplated departure,
Jessie Clearwater, for instance. That
would seem to show that he and Clear-
over affairs together, and Jessie knew of
them and couldn't Keep still about it.
“Then, bere’s another thing, He has
lately been urging me to go away, prais-
ing Ned Underhill and.the others, whom
I have to do the work, saying that the mill
was doing very well, and that I ought to .
take a rest, so.as not to break down, and
more to the same purpose.”
“Quarter day is coming,” said George
significantly, “* You get your amounts in
October, don’t you?”
“Yes,”
“Did you get a statement in July?”
“Yes, but several things
about it. I have been worrying over it
lately. It has never seemed quite clear to
me,’
“Then I know something: must be
crooked,” explained George, ‘ {lave you
taken’ advice on the matter ?” .
“Yes, Mr. Burlingame and I have talked
it over considerably, and he has promised
to give me all the aid he can,”
“Then you want toask for an account-
ing at once,” said George earnestly. “I
tell you, Roy, Mr. Wilmerding is crooked,
‘There are many things in the books that I
can’t straighten out, and I believe Thomp-
son was robbing you right and left with -
this man’s knowledge. I have a good busi-
ness acquaintance in town and out of. it as
well, and the bank people are not the only
ones who have lately told me funny things
about Wilmerding.” . .
“T shall act at once,” said Royal, and at”.
that moment the first whistle blew and
put an end to the conversation,
The whistle had hardly ceased blowing
when the bell of the telephone in the office
began to ring violently,
Royal went to the instrument, took
down the transmitter, and said:
“Ifallo. Yes. What? Really? You -
want me? Right away? To make a
charge? Well, yes, I suppose it isa flag- -
rant matter, Yes, something will have to-
e done, I suppose. Yes, Good-by.”
“That's all Greek to me,” Jaughea
George,
“Well, the message was from Captain °
Warren, at the police station, Tom Shap-
ton has been arrested on a charge of at-
tempted abduction, mischief, and—other
things, I’ve got to go down to the station.”
“‘Shapton arrested, eh? Well, he wasn't
the only one.” .
“‘No, I suppose not,” said the boy, ab-
sently, and then he left the office, and
George went back to his desk.
At the stat on the police captain took
Royal into his private room, where a few
minutes later, the former superintendent
of the Maple Leaf Mill was brought in,
“Sit down, Mr, Shepton,” said the cap-
tain, ‘I'll call you, Waters,” to the
officer. .
“Well,” growled Shapton, when the
hree were alone, ‘* you nabbed me, didn’t, ~
you? I ought to have skipped, like some-"
one I know of is going to do. What do
you want of me, anyhow ?”
lo you know anything of the attempt
to fire the mill?” asked the captain, sud.
denly. “it you do, you'd better tell it,” :
Shapton’s face turned suddenly pale, as
ne a Lhe 2A cheat aa ALN
cores big Dhaest
he gasped out:
“*'To fire the mill! Upon my soul I don't
know a word about itt That isn't a part
of Clem Wilmerding’s scheme, is it? It
would cover his stealings, for the books
would be-—" and then he suddenly
paused,
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