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FRANK, LESUIB'S, NEW, YORK, 1QUBNAL,,
uppears by the charcoal-filter just described. This
ss . 7 3 tents of the pan. The plan and_cross sections wil
ery for Manutactarin Band Reining Bngar, ‘shpw’' the’ ¢ rrothtign cf ‘the seas piggy i bat " it process is of too siniplé'’n*chhracter to require
tm otebFtom Baker's Hlements of Mechanisme}o orvsoo> i} oy edifeetions ‘can’ be adopted “that ustration by drawingsy, ««.1\ 3 oy
Sucax-is: the: sweet br'saccharine constituent ‘of | purchaser, J... [he charcoal after ab
‘yegetables,:in all-of which-it is found’ in" grearer ‘or [ies tie process the’ raw’ sugar underg copipletely” fired ‘with’ ‘impurities, ‘whic i
e atory to refitting jt, is melting or'diss removed ‘by'burning“it’in retorts in a |
‘Jess quantitiése: It) oceurs‘ most‘ abundantly in'the } pi melting or ‘disso
‘sugar-eaney atid: ‘next’ to this in-the! beet-root’ arid: Blown ‘pans, 'as' they are called. ‘These p:
maple. (‘The sugar obtained: from these threé vége- | large cylindrical copper, ve
tablesshas the: peculiar property ‘of crystallizing ‘in | feet in diameter and’ five feet deep
oblique: prismse > Sugar also! occurs, ' though :less'| is Entvodyited, b y means, of pi
abundantly,'!in ripe-grapes, ‘dates, ‘figs; pears ‘and | in ssels, ‘to’ dissdlve
other: fruits, the erystals of. whieh are‘called detrepit re 3 thick, ¥
or not-éruly formed ; and: its’ sweetnin} “power” is |'é
only-about-three-fifths of that from the sugar-caneé,’
&c. There are also--the: sugar ‘of mating, ‘milk; a! smiall'p
i mushrooms, &e.,-which may be called “re a beds
animal substances: The sugar of com-''! »
merce consists of oxygen, carbon, and)
hydrogen, in about:the following pro- +!
the refining establishment.
“ nies ‘és geod as before ‘and't
light “degréé, ‘the’ ‘power
estroyed, the same char¢oa!
and ‘ised ‘in thé 'same ‘esta
upwards ‘of twenty years.
Ss
O
<..
s deessallife asd ee-oe
BOILING, THE LIQUID: SUGAR IN FHE ‘VACUUM-PANS.* }
in 7: tye .
etn ans ‘are “circular, ‘dome-covered,' air-tight '“}
fee ° copper “vessels, as’ represented in “the'’"’
'‘ahnexed engraving 3~exch' pan is fur-
nished -with ' pipes, ‘valves, 'and'taps;"""} | |
]
|
These =p:
foe
ne fodorta a iltta: hot
Wiss ao 97 Cf
at
rovotul = for: the! various ~purposes ‘of! aloWving’
. rtions ‘in .100 parts, as-given by Gay! '~!! eet ho | the-air to! bedrawn off by: the‘ air: |, |
B Tusnac, &,~ ven a m peed os Si ‘to a pump,'for‘admitting ‘steam to'the'pan,” * i
poh feorait ” . wa ‘ioSeo-uevfor testing the temperature of: the Ii-'«! j
t i i ae Pt feet : quid, &e. &e. srg mony ew ob At |
=f oto The saccharine’ liquor, ‘after passing j
‘ley ethrough the charcoal-filter; is: pumped '* i
' into-these> pans.’*~ Steam is’ next! ad- «
‘mitted ‘by-a pipe at the bottdm of the ;
ow pans ‘intd a space beldw'thé liquid su-'* |
to re-par, ‘and also by -several-other ‘pipés to ~" iy
‘the interior of ‘the “fluid 'mass; which’ 4
«is thus brought’to a ‘boiling state at:a” |
vee ar tab Ses ont ~
The! '‘sugar-cane ~(Arundo ‘sacchri- i
: Sera, or sugar bearing: reed): varies:in |
: height from :8-to.16 and even 20 feet, {
and'.is.from.one' to two inches-in di- — *
t . ameter. at the: bottom ' of ithe stem,
which.is of a green’ hue, changing! to
~t temaperature-ia' ‘little: higher than that~'
of a-blood-heat? such -is the-well»
+ known effect: of the vacuum’ created’ 4
4 yellowins -it ‘ripens,-and divided» by!» 22 ein: the ‘pani>'*That~a- more- perfect :'>
a : circular 4 joints.about three! inches > 2: evaporation! of! the liquid sugar'may
ie apart: »‘The cane is~brittle, with flat. ! obe effected, it is made to'fiow through~+ |
.? pointed leaves of: thred or four feet in!!.- avlarge‘- iron: pipes: (shown irl the sens |
length, which fall off as the plant ad-
i vances. to maturity! It-is found: in a--2!- ce
a wild, statetsin..the -topical. parts -‘of.-
' America and the West India islands
also in, the. topical . parts of: Asia. and
Africa, though less abundantly.! 1.51;
e+e graving,}«'each: Containing’ several »!
small ‘tubes;-;which: further tend: td>}
condense the. stéam:and ‘maintain: the ~
acuum.’; As this process of evapora='::
ion'goes on, the crystals of ‘sugar are:
‘ormed-in the pats. For the purpose>!
When the icanes.-are, ripe, they are!. VAP GIA A Skilsbditive Vu of testing the state’ of the stigar'in ‘the!
nie cut and.carried,to the mill-house, andy.) 2i-\¢ were HE teal olay tall oat aT gee “pans, each °of ‘them is furnished--with-}
oo crushed bya maehine, composed chiefly. of. rollers,') liquid sugar, and constant’ ‘stirring ‘with! Tonlg‘slén~'/a' glass ~pipe and’ thermometer showing the state of
‘a
‘the steam ‘itiside;'and an’ index: by which: the pro»
‘gress-ot the evaporation ‘of the liquor may be deter-*
‘mined.’ By: -these-means, and ‘fially by :means-of: - | f
ae between, which, the canes .are passed. ‘The-crushed |-der rods being ‘applied'to assist the process’ of H4dd-’]
: cane,is,then boiled, and.the juice is‘drawn ‘from: faction. “The blow-up pans are! benerally tectangu*
the hoiler, then eyoporated..and clarified, and sepa-i} lar, six~or'severt feet long, ‘three dt four’ feet wide,
rated from the.molasses,.being now of a -brown ¢ol-j-and ‘three feet ‘deep; With” perforated -cbpper ‘pipes!
‘the proof-red, which: penetrates: to thd interior: of!
fo or, and, in-large broad .crystals; in. this state it. is |-riear the bottom, thrdugh the hblés ‘of which 'stewm |! the :pan: by medns-of valves, without disturbing’ the »! i
te . imported, from the ‘West Indies. in hogsheads.i' .» is blown-into thé sugar" 1 2 hv de od lvacuums:the efficacy or inefficacy ofthe boiling is’ ' '
i ; Schroder’s ‘patent pan, lately introduced with Porno d Mar olitend oardsctla arte “determined ;'and ‘it -isthen, as:the-casé-may be, i
io great success into the West Indies, for evaporating] | + ».1CHABGOAL. FILTERS. OB CISTERN | either submittéd to further boiling, or at once drawn: '' i
I oseiy ot !
| so saccharine solutions and liquids at a temperature|- Preparatory ito -describing:these visterns/ which | out of the pan’for the next'process;.; 09 +» i
not exceeding 180 degrees Fahrenheit, and may be} are twelve to eighteen feet high, and three'td four ‘«°Formerly the liquid sugar was boiled in large‘open '- if
‘worked by hand or.other motive power, is shown | feet diameter, we-must first: mform'! the reader that pans oyet a-fire, at a'temperature of ‘dbove-240 des tj |
perspective inthe annexed engraving. ". ~~ at the: bottonis.of the filtering’ vessels is'formed”a | grees Fahrenheit,‘but by the greatest: care in boiling wt |
This invention is patented in the © <-~ vue f Hepes lie bese the sugar was «injured by this high» j
United Kingdom:and British’ Colo- t em perature, and: crystalization ‘could «+ \
nies, France, Holland, Belgium, Cuba, - only He partially obtained! This great:
& ‘ «defect was remedied! by-the invention! }
‘of'the vacuum’ pan, just described, by. 4
~Mrv, Howard, about forty years! ago, --! |
-who' patented his invention, by which {
o>-he-realised upwards Of $200,000. «247
zie The .prdcess« in- the yacuum-pans |
Ce ah 0
| It has the property of evaporating
syrups and other liquids at.a temper~.. 5... he
ature,;under,18) degrees. Fahrenheit, 1,» »,
at which degree sugar.cannat carbon~ .. «+ fs
being finished, the 'crystalised ‘sugar '--.
is now‘ transferred to the beating ves-!-.}
‘filets on-isels, or sugar heaters, for the: purpose: :
: ‘v1 of giving it greater consistencys: too!) :
‘> Heaters‘ are simply! semi-elleptical
ot .ast-iron pans, ‘with-a! copper: lining! i
the steam is admitted betweenmw} | 4
ved (See Engravinge!) wl tees ger oder Hi \
-1oy “The-mouldg-are vessels nearly 'of a:+:
» «« conical shape; placed ontheir. vertices. ‘
Their mean dimensions are aboiit two}: \
+» feet in length and six or seven inches!
-diameter-at the larger ehd, whith? « ,
as open! The liquid. sugar‘is poured!)
Z is into these moulds, and after remaining!
exertion, or expense of power, and the , : | eve in thé mould about two days, and then °»
contact, of, the, atmosphere,,combined ,. - tive ee tee) oo of ti -undergoing. the. final ‘operations of '}
with the rapidity of condensation, produces:a large,. false floor of laths.-:'This' falséfloor'is completely | + washing and brushing off,” -ag they are called, the!-
hard-grained sugar, not; to: be surpassed -by:'any/-covered with a strong-woollet’ cloth; on’ which a sugar-loaf-so well known in commeree, is-complett:''-|-
other mode yet employed. ....i.1. Ub ong a sed layer of ppydered animal charcoal; or bone-black, t ed; it having only now'to be folded’in- paper and +}
. A, reference, to the, drawings will show the: opera- |.as it is commonly called, ‘is Iaid, of about twelve to} dri, d-in: a room. heated. to-a: high: temperatute by | \
tion of the machine, which may be simply described. eighteen feet in thickness, ‘The liquid sugar‘flows|-mbans of iron pipes: through which ' the-surplus 4 )
the man, or steam power, turns, the battery. of discs, from}the lGlter bags upon- the eharcoal,-‘and-itisal-steam from the boiler-passes. BT? sehen eoblnaey
: which expose the liquid or syrup. that. adheres to | short tims Uistils through the layer of; chatcdal and «The cost of loaf or refined sugar seldom: exceeds ~'{!
: them to atmospheric. evaporation ; .: the condensed } the cloth lath-work-benedth it; and is: then' carried that of brown or unrefined “sugar by«more-than™! {>
water from the steam Pipes runs .into the condens-| off is pipes, having now become a: transparent and} twi ty per cent. Tnis result is: ‘dno to. the-greaty |!
ing chamber, from, which; it can..be returned ;into} nearly colorless liquid,' through: the operation .of | improvements in the process and machinery-by: 0:5
the boiler at a temperature,a, little below 180 de- the) eharcoal-filter.. ‘Thus: the- heavy impurities: of | \F. i ‘ - Ty Oy
| Tf th ]
stitute for. the, ta 7
i fuel ;wil] be obvious, when contrasted .,.;
aa with, other modes of evaporation. ,..).:..
: | The whole weight. of. the. revalying
discs, heing supported. upon,.centres
bearings, the revolution:of the evapo-,
rating surface is,effected with slight
oh 8. : b ‘ , Moward,'/Esq., in 1812, joby =? i
grees, Farhienheit. ., When. the syrup is cooked, the /the| liquid uro got, rid of :by means'of the eanvas| othird previous to which-the emt of waite tf
elevation mot jless than from forty-to fifty per cent.'s) eerts
Baers) : ‘
lever, handle, discharges. the. con- esr before described, and-the-coloring: matter di
N ins andy fig te pet ew hyta | fuente dotden ny cath Pentti tol outs we lfeb eh gtd 7”
é ° i
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