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WIIG ALMANAC, 1856. 3
Astronomical Characters.
@ Sun; © Moon; % Mercury; ¢ Venus;
@ Earth; ¢ Mars; 2 Jupiter; » Saturn;
jl Uranus; ¢ same longitude or near each other;
0 90 deg. apart; @ opposition, or 180 deg. apart.
Signs of the Zodiac.
y Aries; § Taurus; m Gemini; @ Cancer;
Q Leo; mT Virgo; = Libra; TM Scorpio;
¢ Sagittarius; 435 Oapricorn; sv Aquarius ;
x Pisces
True Time.
Two kinds of time are used in Almanacs;
clock or mean-time in some, and apparent or
sun-time in others, Clock-time is always right,
while sun-time varices every day. People gener-
ally suppose it is twelve o’clock when the sun is
due south, or at a properly made noon-mark.
But this isa mistake. The sun is seldom on the
ineridian at twelve o'clock; indeed this is the
case only on four days of the year: namely,
April 15, June 15, September 1, and December 24.
In this Almanac, as in most other Almanacs, the
time used is clock-time.
is on the meridian or at the noon-mark is also
given to the nearest second, for every day in the
year, This affords a ready means of obtaining
correct time and for setting a clock by using a
noonemark, adding or subtracting as the sun is
slow or fast.
Old-fashioned Almanacs, which use apparent
time, give the rising and setting of the sun’s
centre, and make no allowance for the effect
of refraction of the sun’s rays by the atmosphere.
The more modern and improved Almanacs,
which use clock-time, give the rising and setting
of the sun’s upper limb, and duly allow for
refraction.
To ascertain the length of the day
and night,
At any time of the year, add 12 hours to the
time of the Sun’s setting, and from the sum
subtract the time of rising, for the length of the
day. Subtract the time of setting from 12 hours,
and to the remainder add the time of rising next
morning, for the length of the night. These
rules are equally true for appurent time.
; The Planet Saturn.
Tt is now supposed that the rings of the planet
Saturn are of tapor, or of some substance as
light, or lighter than steam, which is kept in its
place by the centrifugal force on the one hand,
and the centripetal on the other. The body of
the planet itself, it is calculated, is of about the
density and weight of a body of cork of the same
size.
Leap- Year.
Leap-years are those that are exactly divisible
by 4, and also by 400, and not by 100. The year
1900 therefore will not be a leap-year.
Duration of the Scasong,, &c.
D We. M.
Sun in Winter Signs ..... see eeeeees . &
Sun in Spring Signs.......... seceeees 92 20 49
Sun in Summer Signs ......06- wees 98 14.18
Sun in Autumnal Signs ......006 eevee 89 17 46
Tropical Year ........0.- eeee veces 300) 6 51
Sun North of the Equator .........-..186 11 4
Sun South of the Equator ......66+++0178 18 47
Difference. ccc ccccceecceeeeeceees T1617
Chronological Cycles.
Dominical Letters, Fj E; Golden Number, 14;
Jewish Lunar Cycle, 11; Kpact, 23; Solar Cycle,
17; Roman Indiction, 14; Julian Period, 6009 ;
Age of the world, $859.
Mercury.
This planet will be visible in the west, soon
after sunset, about January 29, May 23, and
September 19; also in the east, just before sun-
rise, aLout March 18, July 16, and Novem-
e
The time when the sun |per §
Memoranda for 1856.
Jay. 1, Circumcision; 6, Epiphany ; 13, 1st 8.
aft. Epiph.; 20, Septuagesima §.; 25, Conv. of
St. Paul; 27, Sexagesima 8S. Fes. 2, Purif. of Vir.
Mary; 3, Quingquagesima 8.; 6, Ash-Wednes-
day; 10, 1st S.in Lent; 17, 248. in Lent; 24,
8a &. in Lent, and St. Matthias. Marcu 2, 4th
S.in Lent ; 9, 5th 8. in Lent; 16, 8. before Easter ;
21, Good-Friday ; 23, Easter-Bunday ; 25, Annun,
of Vir. Mary; 80, Ist S. aft. Easter. Arnit 6,
248. aft. Easter; 13, 3d 8. aft, Easter; 20, 4th
S. aft. Easter; 25, St. Mark; 27, Sth 8. aft.
Master. Marl, Ascension-day, and Sts, Philip
and Jamee; 4,38. aft. Ascension; 11, Whit-Sun-
day; 18, Trinity-Sunday; 23, Ist 8. aft. Trin,
June 1, 2d 8. aft. Trin.; 8, 8d S. aft. Trin.; 11,
St. Barnabas; 15, 4th S. aft. Trin.; 22, 5th 8.
aft. Trin.; 24, Nativ. of St. John the Baptiet ;
£9, Oth S. aft. Trin., and St. Peter.. Jcty 6, 7th
8. aft. Trin.; 13, Sth S. aft. Trin.; 20, 9th 8. aft.
rin.; 25, St. James; 27, 10th 8. after Trin.
Ava. 3, 11th §. aft. Trin.; 10, 12th S. aft. Trin. ;
17, 18th S. aft. Trin.; 24, 14th S. aft. Trin., and
St. Bartholomew; $1, 15th 8. aft. Trin. Serr. 7,
16th S. aft. Trin.; 14, 17th S. aft. Trin. ; 21, 18th
Trin., and St. Matthew; 28, 19th 8. aft.
Trin. ; 29, St. Michael and All Angels. Ocr. 5,
20th &. aft. Trin.; 12, 21st S. aft. Trin.; 18,
St. Luke; 19, 22d 8S. aft. Trin.; 26, 23d S. aft.
Trin.; 28, Sts. Simon and Jude. Nov.1, All
Saints; 2, 24th S. aft. Trin. ; 9, 25th 8. aft. Trin. ;
16, 26th S. aft. Trin.; 23, 27th 8. aft. Trin. ; 80,
ist S. in Advent, and St. Andrew. Dre. 7, 2d 8.
in Advent; 14, 8d S. in Advent; 2h, 4th S.in
Advent, and St. Thomas; 25, Christmas; 26
St. Stephen; 27, St. John Evang. ; 28, 1st 8. aft
’
.
Christmas, and Innocents.
Apogee and Perigee of the Sun.
Sun's Apogee July dy... ccc cece eee eee eee
Sun’s mean distance, March 81, and Oct. 3d,
i distant from the Earth... |
English
96,702,864
miles,
95,103,000